The complete nucleotide sequences of the matrix protein (M) genes of parainfluenza virus types 4A and 4B (PIV-4A and -4B) were determined from cDNA of the mRNA, and found to be 1548 bases in length, exclusive of poly(A) sequences. The sequences contained a large open reading frame of 1146 nucleotides encoding 362 amino acids. A high degree of identity (96.1%) was observed between the amino acid...

PURPOSE To compare target volume delineation of anal cancer using positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with respect to inter-observer and inter-modality variability. METHODS Nineteen patients with anal cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy were prospectively included. Planning computed tomography (CT) images were co-registered with 18F-fluorodexocyglucose (FDG...

A conventional way to discriminate between objects represented by dissimilarities is the nearest neighbor method. A more efficient and sometimes a more accurate solution is offered by other dissimilarity-based classifiers. They construct a decision rule based on the entire training set, but they need just a small set of prototypes, the so-called representation set, as a reference for classifyin...

Dissimilarity measures, the basis of similarity-based retrieval, can be viewed as a distance and a similarity-based search as a nearest neighbor search. Though there has been extensive research on data structures and search methods to support nearest-neighbor searching, these indexing and dimension-reduction methods are generally not applicable to non-coordinate data and non-Euclidean distance ...

turnip mosaic virus (tumv) is amember of the potyvirus genus within the potyviridae family and is one the most important viruses infecting brassicaceae plants. in april 2012, suspicious symptoms of a viral disease such as mosaic, stunting and malformation were observed on herschfeldia incana. the collected samples were tested using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) with s...

In this paper, we study the structure of a general framed vertex operator algebra. We show that the structure codes (C,D) of a framed VOA V satisfy certain duality conditions. As a consequence, we prove that every framed VOA is a simple current extension of the associated binary code VOA VC . This result would give a prospect on the classification of framed vertex operator algebras. In addition...

The image restoration methods based on the Bayesian’s framework and Markov random fields (MRF) have been widely used in the image-processing field. The basic idea of all these methods is to use calculus of variation and mathematical statistics to average or estimate a pixel value by the values of its neighbors. After applying this averaging process to the whole image a number of times, the nois...