The goal of sex assignment is to facilitate the best possible quality of life for the patient. Factors such as reproductive system development, sexual identity, sexual function, and fertility are important considerations in this regard. Although some DSD gender assignments are relatively straightforward, those with midstage genital ambiguity and unclear gonadal function represent a major challe...

Short seizure episodes are associated with remodeling of neuronal connections. One region where such reorganization occurs is the hippocampus, and in particular, the mossy fiber pathway. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we show here a critical role in vivo for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), an extracellular protease that converts plasminogen to plasmin, to induce mossy fiber s...

Management of ambiguous genitalia is highly controversial. This condition was known previously as intersex and presently as disorders of sex development (DSD). There is no consensus regarding the choice, timing and method of sex assignment in neonates with DSD. Consensus conferences could not unify the views of various stakeholders and third parties. This article philosophically examines the na...

In protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, functional similarity is often inferred based on the function of directly interacting proteins, or more generally, some notion of interaction network proximity among proteins in a local neighborhood. Prior methods typically measure proximity as the shortest-path distance in the network, but this has only a limited ability to capture fine-grained ne...

Male development in mammals is normally initiated by the Y-linked gene Sry, which activates expression of Sox9, leading to a cascade of gene activity required for testis formation. Although defects in this genetic cascade lead to human disorders of sex development (DSD), only a dozen DSD genes have been identified, and causes of 46,XX DSD (XX maleness) other than SRY translocation are almost co...

The paper analyzes errors in retrievals of cloud liquid water content (Ql) and precipitation flux (R) based on three different sets of parameters: a) radar reflectivity, Z, b) radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity, V , and c) radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity spectrum width, σ d d. As radar reflectivity represents the sixth moment of the drop size distribution (DSD), one can expect it t...

Information about the drop size distribution (DSD) is essential for understanding precipitation physics, estimating rainfall, and improving microphysics parameterizations in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models (Steiner et al. 2004). The characteristics of rain DSDs are often associated with the types of storms (e.g., convective versus stratiform rain) and their stages of development (e.g....

Half of all patients with a disorder of sex development (DSD) do not receive a specific molecular diagnosis. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can detect copy number changes causing gene haploinsufficiency or over-expression that can lead to impaired gonadal development and gonadal DSD. The purpose of this study was to identify novel candidate genes for 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis (GD) using...

OBJECTIVE Ovotesticular disorder of sex development (OT DSD) is a rare disorder of sex development characterized by the presence in the same individual of both histologically proven testis and ovary. There are scant data from the Indian subcontinent regarding this disorder. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, biochemical, imaging, cytogenetic, surgical, and histopathologic findi...

46,XY Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) has wide variations of clinical manifestations ranging from complete female, genitalia ambiguity, to complete male. Therefore the inviduals with this disorder can be reared as boys or girls. Most of Indonesian DSD cases are facing with budget constraint, because they require series of costly examinations and treatment. We aimed to know the distribution o...