BACKGROUND Health outcomes in developing countries continue to lag the developed world, and many countries are not on target to meet the Millennium Development Goals. The private health sector provides much of the care in many developing countries (e.g., approximately 50 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa), but private providers are often poorly integrated into the health system. Efforts to improve ...

This paper presents a novel method for estimating the likely welfare effects of competition reforms both current and new consumers. Using household budget survey data 2015/16 Ethiopia assuming reform scenario that dilutes market share state-owned monopoly to 45 percent, model predicts 25.3 percent reduction in price mobile services an increase 4.6 million users. would generate gain 1.37 among a...

Chinese migrant workers are very exposed to the shocks caused by COVID-19 pandemic. Falling remittances adversely affect their families who rely on remittance incomes. The impacts of migrants and remittance-receiving households assessed using a nationally representative household dataset microsimulation model. We found about 70 percent lost part wage income during pandemic lockdown period rural...

Simple motor reaction time (RT) to 100 percent negative contrast stimuli was measured for various background luminances as well as after bleaching a fraction of retinal photopigments. RT decreased to asymptotical value with the increase of background intensity. The intensity-dependent portion of RT behaved identically for 100 percent positive and negative contrast. Moreover, RT to 100 percent n...