To construct a model of relapse of drug abuse in mice, the induction, we evaluated the extinction and reinstatement of morphine-induced place preference. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of morphine (0, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Mice showed CPP with 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg. In Experiment 2, we evaluated the effects of two different ...

The pharmacodynamics of morphine-6-glucuronide (M-6-G) i.v. were assessed in 12 healthy male volunteers in an open study. After a single bolus dose of M-6-G 5 mg i.v., we measured antinociceptive effects, using electrical and cold pain tests, and plasma concentrations of M-6-G, morphine-3-glucuronide (M-3-G) and morphine. Pain intensities during electrical stimulation (at 30, 60 and 90 min afte...

UNLABELLED Effective pain relief is important after diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopic knee surgery to permit early discharge and improve comfort and mobility at home. We compared the intraarticular analgesic effects of ropivacaine and morphine with or without Xefocam and the need for rescue i.v. morphine at rest and during movement in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconst...

background: usual dosage  of morphine  (10 mg/kg) induces  analgesia  and ultra-low dose (uld) of morphine (1 μg/kg); hyperalgesia, and  c-fibers are also bearing  μ- opioid receptors; here the importance  of c-fibers on pain and  morphine   induced  analgesia/hyperalgesia  is questioned   and  investigated    using   pain   evaluation methods and infant capsaicin treating  for c-fibers lesioni...

Background: Chronic use of opioids usually results in physical dependence. The underlying mechanisms for this dependence are still being evaluated. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) are important receptors of pain perception. Their role during opioid dependence has not been studied well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of morphine-dependence on the expressio...

Use of morphine by titration in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) is often the first step in postoperative pain management. This approach provides rapid analgesia but shows a wide inter-individual variability in morphine requirements and may prolong patient stay in the PACU. The aim of this study was to identify the patient characteristics, surgical, anaesthetic, and postoperative factors p...

in this study, the effects of acute and chronic lithium on nociception induced by formalin and its interactions with morphine-induced analgesia were studied in mice. formalin test was selected to study nociception. subcutaneous injection of different doses of morphine (1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg) induced analgesia in a dose dependent manner in both phases of the formalin test. intraperitoneal administr...

BACKGROUND This multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the opioid-sparing effectiveness and clinical safety of parecoxib sodium over 48 h, in 195 postoperative patients after routine total knee replacement surgery. METHODS Elective total primary knee arthroplasty was performed under spinal anaesthesia, with a single dose of spinal bupivacaine 10-20 mg, and intraoperative...