In 1984 Levin put forward a suggestion for a theory of average case complexity. In this theory a problem, called a distributional problem, is defined as a pair consisting of a decision problem and a probability distribution over the instances. Introducing adequate notions of simple distributions and average case preserving reductions, Levin developed a theory analogous to the theory of NP-compl...

INTRODUCTION Hip fracture is the leading orthopedic discharge diagnosis associated with 30-day readmission in terms of numbers. Because readmission to the hospital following a hip fracture is so common, it adds considerably to the costs on an already overburdened health care system. METHODS Patients aged 65 and older admitted to a 261-bed university-affiliated level 3 trauma center between Ap...

In the recently concluded series on the 1,000 articles most cited in the Science Citation Inde# (.SCP ), 1961 to 1982, I drew attention to the many Nobel laureates who were authors of one or more of these highly cited papers. 1 It was no surprise that 14 percent of the 1,000 papers were written by Nobel Prize winners, since we knew that as a group they are heavily cited. In 1965 Irv Sher, ISP’s...

In this study, we propose and evaluate a technique known as common average referencing (CAR) to generate a more ideal reference electrode for microelectrode recordings. CAR is a computationally simple technique, and therefore amenable to both on-chip and real-time applications. CAR is commonly employed in electroencephalography (EEG), where it is necessary to identify small signal sources in ve...

We describe the avidity maturation of IgGs in human toxoplasmosis using sequential serum samples from accidental and natural infections. In accidental cases, avidity increased continuously throughout infection while naturally infected patients showed a different profile. Twenty-five percent of sera from chronic patients having specific IgM positive results could be appropriately classified usin...

E X P E R I E N C E R A T I N G PLANS were in operation during 1942 in 34 States, an increase of 21 States over 1940 and 17 over 1941. In 1944, plans are scheduled to be in effect in all 38 States which have such provisions in their laws. Covered employment in the 34 States constituted more than half (57 percent in September 1941) of the total for the United States. Although contributions for 1...

Introduction:  On  the  basis  of  percent  depth  dose  (PDD)  calculation,  the  application  of  dosimetry  in  radiotherapy  has  an  important  role  to  play  in  reducing  the  chance  of  tumor  recurrence. The aim of this study is to introduce a new formula for calculating the centeral axis  percent depth doses of Cobalt-60 beam.   Materials and Methods: In the present study, based on ...