BACKGROUND Malignancies located in the upper middle mediastinum usually do not have a sufficiently large acoustic window to permit a conventional ultrasound guided parasternal biopsy. This study was concerned with an alternative approach whereby ultrasound is applied through the supraclavicular paratracheal window to allow percutaneous biopsy of middle mediastinal malignancies. METHODS Fiftee...

Hir • Much is known of the cardiovas responses of normal man to le; but the available data on blood been obtained during relatively s Until recently, there has not b< factory method for continuously ing changes in thoracic aortic bloi man for significant periods of ti during, and after the changing caused by exercise: Thus, the actual alterations in aortic blood flow at the onset of exercise an...

Effects of posture and baricity on spinal anaesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine 5 ml. Spinal anaesthesia with 0.5 % bupivacaine 3 ml: comparison of plain and hyperbaric solutions administered to seated patients. POSTDURAL PUNCTURE HEADACHE Sir,—We read with interest the article by Lynch and colleagues [1] comparing the incidence of postdural puncture headaches (PDPH) associated with 22-gauge and 25...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to establish a modified technique for performing laparoscopic needle catheter jejunostomy. METHODS From May 2011 to October 2013, laparoscopic needle catheter jejunostomy was performed in 21 patients with esophageal cancer. During the procedure, jejunal inflation was performed via a percutaneous 20-gauge intravenous catheter to facilitate the subsequent pu...

Purpose. Injecting triamcinolone acetonide (TA) into a keloid is physically challenging due to the density of keloids. The purpose was to investigate the effects of various syringe and needle combinations on the injection force to determine the most ergonomic combination. Materials and Methods. A load cell was used to generate and measure the injection force. Phase 1: the injection force of 5 c...