Effects of extrusion processing parameters co-rotating twin-screw extruder – screw speed (SS = 500, 650, 800 rpm), feed rate (FR 22, 26, 30 kg/h), and moisture content the material (MC 20, 25, g/100 g), on reduction deoxynivalenol (DON), 3- 15- acetyldeoxynivalenol (3- 15-AcDON), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), tentoxin (TEN) alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), in whole grain triticale flour were investigat...

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????.???????????????????????????????????.?????????????????????????????????????????????????4??????25?50?75?100 cm??????????Potamogeton malaianus?????Hydrilla verticillata?????Vallisneria natans??????Ceratophyllum demersum?????????????????????.??????1?????????????0.09%???0.09%???3.04%????20.87 mg/kg????10.7 mg/kg????326.67 mg/kg...

OBJECTIVE Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratio on the nutrient digestibility and enteric methane (CH4) emission in growing goats and Sika deer. METHODS Three male growing goats (body weight [BW] = 19.0±0.7 kg) and three male growing deer (BW = 19.3±1.2 kg) were respectively allotted to a 3×3 Latin square design with an adaptation period ...

BACKGROUND Human colonic contents and many colonic microbes produce considerable amounts of acetaldehyde from ethanol in vitro. AIMS To examine in piglets if acetaldehyde is produced in the colon also in vivo, and if so, what is the fate of intracolonically formed acetaldehyde. ANIMALS Seventeen native, non-fasted female piglets (20-25 kg) were used. METHODS Six piglets received either 1....

Lead is a toxic metal that induces a wide range of behavioral, biochemical and physiological effects in humans. Oxidative damage has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in lead toxicity. The current study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Spirulina supplement against lead acetate -induced hepatic injury in rats. Five groups of rats were used in this study, Con...

Mixtures of skim milk and free amino acids were compared as diets for pigs which would allow manipulation of dietary amino acid levels. Piglets gained 208 g/d between 3 and 14 d of age on the skim-milk diet, but replacement of 600 g/kg of the dietary nitrogen with free amino acids reduced growth rate to 148 g/d. Supplementation of a lysine-deficient diet with lysine reduced the catabolism of [1...

background: old laying hens are more prone to dietary calcium (ca) and phosphorus (p) deficiencies as  they absorb ca and p less efficiently than younger hens. objectives: in a 2×2 factorial design, the influence of diets with two levels of available phosphorus (ap) and phytase enzyme on the laying performance, egg quality and tibia bone characteristics of laying hens at their late 2nd producti...

retina is a part of the central nervous system derived from the neuroectoderm and made up of 5 layers.in this study, the changes in the thickness of the retinal layers as a consequence of diabetes and effect of aloe vera gel extract in male rats were assessed. thirty sprague dawley adult male rats (175 ± 25 g) in two age groups (4 and 8 weeks) were divided into 6 groups of 5 as control, diabeti...