The effect of bifemelane hydrochloride (bifemelane) was examined on human origin astrocyte clonal cells (Kings-1). Bifemelane (125 - 1,000 microM) induced a dose-dependent increase in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). In the highest concentration (1,000 microM), the drug caused the second large increase in [Ca(2+)](i) during the washing. The increase that occurred during th...

Articular chondrocytes in osteoarthritis (OA) patients are exposed to hypoosmotic stress because the osmolality of this synovial fluid is significantly decreased. Hypoosmotic stress can cause an efflux of Cl(-) and an associated decrease of cell volume. We have previously reported that a Cl(-) conductance contributes to the regulation of resting membrane potential and thus can alter intracellul...

Sertoli cells from mammalian testis are key cells involved in development and maintenance of stem cell spermatogonia as well as secretion of a chloride- and potassium-rich fluid into the lumen of seminiferous tubules. Using whole-cell patch clamp experiments, a novel chloride current was identified. It is activated only in the presence of an extracellular acidic pH, with an estimated half-maxim...

Reverse osmosis (RO) is the most promising membrane technology in organic micropollutants (MPs) removal of drinking water treatment. For 78 MPs, passage and were evaluated with an ESPA3 RO robustness against MPs was studied. The classified according to their charge hydrophobicity. results showed that size neutral compounds negatively correlated passage. This correlation weaker for hydrophobic t...

Intracellular recordings were made from the circular smooth muscle cells of the canine jejunum to study the effect of exogenous ATP and to compare the ATP response to the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory junction potential (IJP) evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS). Under NANC conditions, exogenous ATP evoked a transient hyperpolarization (6.5 +/- 0.6 mV) and EFS evoked a...

Photosynthesis in marine diatoms is a vital fraction of global primary production empowered by CO(2)-concentrating mechanisms. Acquisition of HCO(3)(-) from seawater is a critical primary step of the CO(2)-concentrating mechanism, allowing marine photoautotrophic eukaryotes to overcome CO(2) limitation in alkaline high-salinity water. However, little is known about molecular mechanisms governin...

Muscle-stripped piglet colon was used to evaluate changes in short-circuit current (I(sc)) as an indicator of anion secretion. Mucosal exposure to Escherichia coli heat-stable (STa) or heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) stimulated I(sc) by 32 +/- 5 and 42 +/- 7 microA/cm(2), respectively. Enterotoxin-stimulated I(sc) was not significantly affected by either 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonic acid...