The American War of Independence unleashed powerful political, social, and economic forces that would transform the new nation’s politics society. It was including increased participation in governance, legal institutionalization religious toleration, growth diffusion population, particularly westward. Revolution affected Native Americans by opening up western settlement creating governments ho...

In a companion study (Verbanck S, Schuermans D, Vincken W, and Paiva M, J Appl Physiol 90: 1754-1762, 2001), we investigated whether saline aerosol bolus tests could also be used to detect proximal, as opposed to peripheral, airway alterations. We studied 10 never-smokers before and after histamine challenge, obtaining, for various volumetric lung depths (VLD), saline bolus-derived indexes comp...

Backgroud: Several treatment options are available for patients with hyperthyroidism, such as antithyroid drugs and radioactive iodine. Recently, increasing number of patients with hyperthyroidism take lithium carbonate in combination with radioactive iodine. Numerous clinical studies have been done to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lithium carbonate in combination with radioactive iodine ...

By use of light microscopy and fluorescence photobleaching recovery, we have studied (a) structures that form in a system composed of copolymerized rabbit muscle actin and chicken gizzard filamin and (b) the Brownian motion of inert tracer macromolecules in this matrix. We have used as tracers size-fractionated fluorescein-labeled ficoll and submicron polystyrene latex particles. In F-actin sol...

Mark Akenside was one of a number of eighteenth-century men who rose to prominence as both a poet and a doctor. He was born in 1721 in Newcastle upon Tyne, and in 1738 attended Edinburgh University, initially to prepare for becoming a Presbyterian clergyman, but switching after a year to the study of medicine. During his student career, he wrote a long philosophical poem, The pleasures of imagi...

Abraham de Moivre (1667-1754) left France at the revocation of the Edict of Nantes and spent the rest of his life in London. where he solved problems for wealthy patrons and did private tutoring in mathematics. He is best known for his work on trigonometry, probability. and annuities. On November 12, 1733 he presented privately to some friends a brief paper of seven pages entitled “Approximatio...

We construct the complete network of 30,288 majority opinions written by the U.S. Supreme Court and the cases they cite from 1754 to 2002 in he United States Reports. Data from this network demonstrates quantitatively the evolution of the norm of stare decisis in the 19th Century and significant deviation from this norm by the activist Warren Court. We further describe a method for creating aut...