Fluorosis is a dreaded condition caused due to high exposure of sodium fluoride in drinking water. The aim of this study was to use sensitive biomarkers to evaluate damage to adrenal gland after fluoride exposure. Recently, weaned Wistar rats were exposed to 100, 200 and 300 ppm fluoride concentrations in drinking water for a period of 20 and 40 days. At the end of exposure period, oxidative st...

Due to pressure of human activity, urbanization and industrialization, the ground water sources are degraded gradually; therefore pure, safe, healthy and odorless drinking water is a matter in deep concern. There are many pollutants in ground water due to sewage viz., organic and inorganic pollutants, heavy metals, pesticides, fluoride etc; the purpose was to ascertain the quality of water from...

Several communities in Paraíba have moderate or high levels of fluoride naturally present in the drinking water. A moderate prevalence of dental fluorosis (30-40%) has been observed in some areas where the levels of fluoride are regarded as "optimal" for the region (0.6 ppm). The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis in Princesa Isabel, a city with "sub-op...

A novel colorimetric nitrite ion sensor was developed utilizing 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) modified gold nanorods (GNR). In the presence of nitrite ions, the deamination reaction was induced by heating the 4-ATP modified GNR in ethanol solution, resulting in the reduction of the GNR surface charges, which led to aggregation of GNRs and a colorimetric response that was quantitatively correlated t...

A study was designed to determine the safety of a drinking water additive that reduces plaque and calculus in dogs, and contains xylitol as an active ingredient. The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed in 15 crossbred dogs that were randomly divided into three groups and had their drinking water treated for 14 days with either: i) a commercial health care product (B...

Transition metal oxide based disinfectants offer an effective approach for water purification. The present discovery found that silver (Ag) decorated titania (TiO(2)) nano-composites displayed high potency at 2.5 ppm within 4 h co-incubation, proved to be effective at 100% inactivation. The composite disinfectant was effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, Escherichia c...

BACKGROUND Arsenic is a ubiquitous toxic element and is known to contaminate drinking water in many countries. Several epidemiological studies have shown that arsenic exposure augments the risk of bone disorders. However, the detailed effect and mechanism of inorganic arsenic on osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells and bone loss still remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We investiga...

Acute or short-term exposure to high doses of methylmercury (MeHg) causes a well-characterized syndrome that includes sensory and motor deficits. The environmental threat from MeHg, however, comes from chronic, low-level exposure, the consequences of which are poorly understood. Selenium (Se), an essential nutrient, both increases deposition of mercury (Hg) in neurons and mitigates some of MeHg...

Water is essential for life and plain water instead of sugar-sweetened beverages is one approach for decreasing energy intake. Due to limited data on characteristics associated with water intake among Korean adolescents, this study examined associations of demographic and behavioral characteristics with plain water intake by using nationally representative sample of South Korean adolescents. Th...

In this study we examined the effects of green tea and its major components, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caffeine, on the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. We also studied the effects of green tea and EGCG on O6-methylguanine and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dGuo) formation in lung tissues cause...