‏‎despite the different criticisms on contrastive analysis it has been proved that the results of it(when processed) can be useful in a tefl environment, specially at the level of phonology.this study is an attempt to compare and contrast the sound systems of kurdish and english for pedagogical aims.the consonants,vowels,stress and intonation of the two languages are described by the same model...

abstract type-ii fuzzy logic has shown its superiority over traditional fuzzy logic when dealing with uncertainty. type-ii fuzzy logic controllers are however newer and more promising approaches that have been recently applied to various fields due to their significant contribution especially when the noise (as an important instance of uncertainty) emerges. during the design of type- i fuz...

Arsenic contamination in soils often leads to groundwater contamination and arsenic toxicity in plants, humans and animals. Plant hormones play a quantitative and qualitative role in the coordination of growth and yield in plants. In this research the effects of gibberellin and sodium arsenate in different genotypes of rice were studied. The work has been conducted as a factorial experiment bas...

this study investigated (a) the learners’ existing reading strategy repertoire, (b) the effect of instruction in reading strategies on learners’ strategic performance, and (c) the effect of explicit instruction in top-down reading strategies on reading comprehension ability of intermediate learners. the study was conducted with 40 intermediate efl learners in two groups of experimental and cont...

abstract poor reading comprehension can result in failure in using references, benefiting from professional gatherings and resources, keeping up with the growing body of knowledge in the virtual world of the internet, and failing to achieve in efl programs. the purpose of the present quasi-experimental study was to explore the effects of background knowledge and previewing narrative and expos...

TThe existence of genotype– environment interaction requires that the performance of genotypes be tested in a wide range of environmental conditions so that the resulting information can increase the efficiency of their selection and introduction. For this purpose, this study using 11 selected lines from uniform national experiments, along with control figures of Saral and Anna and two advanced...