Salmonella Typhi, first isolated in 1884, results in infection of the intestines and can end in death and disability. Due to serious adverse events post vaccination, whole cell killed vaccines have been replaced with new generation vaccines. The efficacy of Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) vaccine, a new generation, single-dose intramuscular typhoid vaccine was assessed in Nepal in 1987. However, despi...

BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL) 4 plays a critical role in immune responses by acting as a growth factor for type 2 helper T cells and inducing immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching to IgE. Epidemiological evidence of the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL4 and asthma is inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between the IL4 SNPs rs2243250, rs2070874, rs...

tients with neurotrauma. ANESTHESIOLOGY 2002; 96:595–9 21. Pfitzner J: Poiseuille and his law. Anaesthesia 1976; 31:273–5 22. Wang JJ, Flewitt JA, Shrive NG, Parker KH, Tyberg JV: Systemic venous circulation. Waves propagating on a windkessel: Relation of arterial and venous windkessel to systemic vascular resistance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 290:H154–62 23. De Piccoli B, Rigo F, R...

The arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway converts L-arginine into L-ornithine and yields 1 mol of ATP per mol of L-arginine consumed. The L-arginine/L-ornithine exchanger in the pathway takes up L-arginine and excretes L-ornithine from the cytoplasm. Analysis of the genomes of 1281 bacterial species revealed the presence of 124 arc gene clusters encoding the pathway. About half of the clusters cont...

We present new observations at three frequencies (326 MHz, 615 MHz, and 1281 MHz) of the radio lobe spiral galaxy, NGC 3079, using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. These observations are consistent with previous data obtained at other telescopes and reveal the structure of the nuclear radio lobes in exquisite detail. In addition, new features are observed, some with HI counterparts, showing...

The genome of Sorangium cellulosum has recently been completely sequenced, and it is the largest bacterial genome sequenced so far. In their report, Schneiker et al. (in Complete genome sequence of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, Nat. Biotechnol., 2007, 25, 1281-1289) concluded that 'In the absence of the GC-skew inversion typically seen at the replication origin of bacterial chromosome...

OBJECTIVES Extremity wounds and fractures traditionally comprise the majority of traumatic injuries in US armed conflicts. Little has been published regarding the extremity wounding patterns and fracture distribution in the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The intent of this study was to describe the distribution of extremity fractures during this current conflict. DESIGN Descriptiv...

Abstract. A comprehensive catalogue of historical earthquakes, with accurate epicentres and harmonised magnitudes is a crucial resource for seismic hazard mapping. Here we update combine catalogues from several sources to compile earthquakes in near Iceland, the years 1900–2019. In particular are based on local information, whereas teleseismic observations, primarily international online catalo...