this experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of phenolic components of scrophularia striata powder on feed intake, digestion and fermentation, rumination kinetic and rumen ecosystem in lori-bakhtiari sheep. in this experiment, 12 six months old lambs and average weight 30±1.5 kg were fed with 0 (control), 3 and 6 percent scrophularia striata for one month. feed intake, digestibility, rum...

Protozoa-associated methanogens (PAM) are considered one of the most active communities in the rumen methanogenesis. This experiment investigated whether methanogens are sequestrated within rumen protozoa, and structural differences between rumen free-living methanogens and PAM. Rumen protozoa were harvested from totally faunated sheep, and six protozoal fractions (plus free-living microorganis...

Despite recent advances in diagnostic technology, microscopic examination of stool specimens remains central to the diagnosis of most pathogenic intestinal protozoa. Microscopy is, however, labor-intensive and requires a skilled technologist. New, highly sensitive diagnostic methods have been developed for protozoa endemic to developed countries, including Giardia lamblia (syn. G. intestinalis/...

background: encephalitozoon cuniculi infects a wide range of homoeothermic animals, including man. complications due to this microsporidian have been reported only in immunocompromised patients. reports on e. cuniculi in immunocompetent humans are lacking, most probably, because it is not linked to any clinical manifestations in such hosts. the present work was carried out with the aim of study...

Dietary lipids can suppress methane emission from ruminants, but effects are variable. Especially the role of bacteria, archaea, fungi and protozoa in mediating the lipid effects is unclear. In the present in vitro study, archaea, fungi and protozoa were selectively inhibited by specific agents. This was fully or almost fully successful for fungi and protozoa as well as archaeal activity as det...

The fluorogenic acetylesterase (acetic ester hydrolase EC 3.1.1.6.) substrate, fluorescein diacetate, was used to measure enzyme activity in living protist cells. The visual enzyme assay was done by monitoring fluorochromasia by fluorescent microscopy. Quantitative fluorogenic assays were done by measuring the evolved fluorescein in a fluorometer. Of 59 strains of bacteria, 35 were fluorochroma...

background: conventional wastewater treatment is a combination of physical and biological processes designed to remove organic matter from solution. waste sludge drawn from these processes is thickened and processed for ultimate disposal wastewater contains various kinds of infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. correct treatment in wastewater treatment plants is imp...

An in vitro experiment was conducted to examine the effects of defaunation (removal of protozoa) on ruminal fermentation characteristics, CH4 production and degradation by rumen microbes when incubated with cereal grains (corn, wheat and rye). Sodium lauryl sulfate as a defaunation reagent was added into the culture solution at a concentration of 0.000375 g/ml, and incubated anaerobically for u...