The definition of the functional boundaries of regulatory DNA elements often includes sequential deletion of DNA using controlled digestion with BaBl nuclease [for example, (1, 2)]. To obtain small deletions (< 100 bp) we have devised a simple strategy involving cloning of the target DNA into the EcoSl site of the pBR322 plasmid. The hybrid plasmid is linearized at a unique restriction site pre...

This study used esterases and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) markers to determine endophytic variability in order to better understand endophyte-host interactions. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and esterase isoenzymes (EST; EC 3.1.1.3), with α-naphthyl acetate and β-naphthyl acetate as substrates, were used to assess relationships among endophytes. ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequencing data were used as rDNA ma...

For discrete multiple orthogonal polynomials such as the multiple Charlier polynomials, the multiple Meixner polynomials, and the multiple Hahn polynomials, we first find a lowering operator and then give a (r + 1)th order difference equation by combining the lowering operator with the raising operator. As a corollary, explicit third order difference equations for discrete multiple orthogonal p...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Admission blood pressure (BP) and significant decreases in BP after acute stroke have been correlated with outcome. Few data are available on the impact of extreme values at any time point within the first 24 hours. METHODS BP was measured hourly for 24 hours in 325 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke. Predefined endpoints were systolic BP >or=200, diastolic...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adequate control of blood pressure (BP) is a cornerstone in stroke prevention. This study explored the risk of stroke in relation to the quality of BP control in a population-based cohort and whether control of hypertension was related to background characteristics of patients. METHODS A total of 27,936 subjects (10,953 men and 16,983 women), 45 to 73 years old, living ...

One of the main themes in the area of Terminological Reasoning has been to identify description logics (DLs) that are both very expressive and decidable. A recent paper by Schild showed that this issue can be profitably addressed by relying on a correspondence between DLs and propositional dynamic logics (PDL). However Schild left open three important problems, related to the translation into P...

We will report on new dc-free runlength-limited codes (DCRLL) intended for the next generation of DVD. The efficiency of the newly developed DCRLL schemes is extremely close to the theoretical maximum, and as a result, significant density gains can be obtained with respect to prior art coding schemes. With a newly developed DCRLL ( = 2) code we can achieve a 9% higher overall rate than that of ...

Using the modified factorization method employed by Mielnik for the harmonic oscillator, we show that isospectral structures associated with a second order operator H, can always be constructed whenever H could be factored, or exist ladder operators for its eigenfunctions. Three examples are shown, and properties like completeness and integrability are discused for the general case.