As a result of expression of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) in the pancreatic islets, the repertoire of HA-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in InsHA transgenic mice (D2 mice expressing the HA transgene under control of the rat insulin promoter) is comprised of cells that are less responsive to cognate Ag than are HA-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes from conventional mice. Previous studies of tolerance ...

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of organic andinorganic amendments on weed suppression in sweet maize cultivation (Zea maysL.). A randomized complete block design was employed with four replicates pertreatment with each organic amendment used at half (x/2), single (x=10 t ha-1) anddouble (2x) rates (organic fertilization: cow manure, poultry manure and barleymulch; syn...

Background. Vaccination against pandemic influenza poses significant challenges as the viral strain that will be responsible for the next influenza pandemic is unpredictable. Given the time lag between initiation of a pandemic and significant vaccine production, a pandemic vaccine will rarely be available until after significant viral circulation has occurred. One possible strategy to circumven...

An ammonium deoxycholate fraction from bromelain-treated influenza A virus was highly enriched for virus nucleoprotein and contained residual haemagglutinin (NP/HA). The preparation did not contain detectable levels of matrix or neuraminidase proteins and was free of infectious virus. NP/HA effectively primed mice for cytotoxic T cells which lysed syngeneic cells infected with any type A influe...

risk assessment of soil erosion, one of the most important land degradation problems worldwide, is very essential for land and water resources management, and development of soil conservation methods. in the present study, the temporal changes of soil erosion risk were assessed from 1987 to 2010, based on the revised universal soil loss equation (rusle) using remote sensing (rs) and geographic ...

Hyaluronic acid (HA) and its synthesis were studied in intact Swiss 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and isolated membranes. HA chains in culture medium, attached to cells and in isolated membranes, were determined to possess average M(r) values of 5.2 x 10(6), 1.8 x 10(6) and 0.14 x 10(6) respectively. Log cells were determined to possess 680,000 HA molecules/cell, and to release 120,000 HA chains/h. The...

Miscanthus× giganteus, a perennial rhizomatous grass commercially used as a biofuel crop was grown in a field experiment on a silty clay loam soil for 14 years. There were 3 rates of fertilizer nitrogen (N), none (control), 60 kgNha−1 yr−1 and 120kgNha−1 yr−1 as cumulative applications. The crop was harvested in winter and dry matter yield measured. N did not influence yield. Yield, which incre...