Climate change is already altering the landscape at high latitudes. Permafrost is thawing, the growing season is starting earlier, and, as a result, certain regions in the Arctic may be subjected to an increased incidence of freeze-thaw events. The potential release of carbon and nutrients from soil microbial cells that have been lysed by freeze-thaw transitions could have significant impacts o...

Nitrous oxide emissions during freeze/thaw periods contribute significantly to annual soil N2O emissions budgets in middle- and high-latitude areas; however, the freeze/thaw-related N2O emissions from waterlogged soils have hardly been studied in the Hulunber Grassland, Inner Mongolia. For this study, the effects of changes in land use/cover types on N2O emissions during freeze-thaw cycles were...

A. Wesche. 1991. Biases associated with four stream substrate samplers. We compared samples collected from 10 substrates of various compositions with a single-probe freeze-core sampler, a triple-probe freeze-core sampler, a McNeil sampler, and a shovel. The accuracy with which these devices sampled particles larger than 50 mm in diameter varied; they were oversampled by the freeze-core devices,...

Measurement of fecal cytokines has been used as a marker of intestinal inflammation in people and correlates with endoscopic findings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of canine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs) for quantification of cytokines in canine fecal samples as a non-invasive biomarker. Interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -10, -23/12p40 and TNF- were assessed by us...

The purpose of this study is to clarify the presence of so much insoluble microparticles in the injections and to confirm the usefulness of the final filter for its removal. The test drugs used were Doyle 1 g vial, Cefotax 1 g vial, Minomycin 100 mg vial, Omegacin 0.3 g vial, Maxipime 1 g vial, Rocephin 1 g vial, Isovorin 25 mg vial, Diamox 500 mg vial and Fungizone 50 mg vial. 1) An appropriat...

The quantitative study (counting and size and surface evaluation of bacterial colonies) of the activity of an antimicrobial agent against a microbial population growing in solid medium can be performed by an electronic image analyzer. The Zeiss Micro-Videomat allowed the detection of even slight antimicrobial effects, which would be difficult to detect by colony counting alone and would escape ...

We examined seasonal changes in freeze tolerance and the susceptibility of larvae of the gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis to inoculative freezing within the goldenrod gall (Solidago sp.). In late September, when the water content of the galls was high (approximately 55%), more than half of the larvae froze within their galls when held at -2.5 degrees C for 24 h, and nearly all larvae froze at -4 o...

conclusions employing the lpe as a new approach, gives novel concept of probiotic-products in food and medical marketing. results results showed that, lpe had more antipathogenic effects, antioxidant activity, and stability during storage-time when compared to fresh probiotic-extract. objectives in this study extract of cultured probiotics without cells was evaluated for its antimicrobial effec...

the aim of this study was to determine the effect of low levels of glutathione on post-thawed buck sperm quality. in this experiment, different concentrations of glutathione [0 (lg-0), 0.5 (lg-0.5), 1 (lg-1), 1.5 (lg-1.5), and 2 (lg-2) mm] were added in a soybean lecithin-based extender. a total of 16 ejaculates from four bucks were collected and pooled. each pooled sample was divided into five...

Sugarcane can be very susceptible to damage by freezes. Freeze-deteriorated cane can cause problems in processing and sometimes leads to a factory shut-down. This study was undertaken during the 2000/2001 harvest season to assess the cold tolerance performance of six commercial sugarcane varieties and to establish new and more sensitive criteria to measure cold tolerance. Two varieties CP 70-32...