As the popularity of climbing has grown, so has the interest in researching the psychological aspects of climbers. However, it is only recently that research has examined the use of imagery in climbing (see for example Barton, 1996; Hardy & Callow, 1999; Jones, Mace, Bray, MacRae & Stockbridge, 2002). The purpose of this study was twofold: first to examine the extent to which beginner and advan...

CONTEXT The ability to return to elite pitching, performance, and clinical outcomes of shoulder surgery in elite baseball pitchers are not definitively established. OBJECTIVE To determine (1) the rate of return to sport (RTS) in elite pitchers following shoulder surgery, (2) postoperative clinical outcomes upon RTS, and (3) performance upon RTS and to compare RTS rates in different types of s...

The purpose of this study was to examine exercise-induced arterial adaptations in elite Judo male and female athletes. 27 male Judo athletes (age 24.06 ± 2 years), 11 female Judoka (age 24.27 ± 1 years), 27 sedentary healthy men (age 24.01 ± 2 years) and 11 women (age 24.21 ± 1 years) participated in the current study. The examined vessels included brachial, radial, ulnar, popliteal, anterior a...

in the past 10 years, the amount of research conducted on psychological aspects of sport injury has been increasing. the purpose of this study was to predict the burnout according to the self-determined motivation in iranian elite handball players before and after the injury. the subjects were 28 injured elite handball players who did not participate in competitions for 4 weeks due to their inj...

BACKGROUND Our understanding of the effects of football code participation on low back pain (LBP) is limited. It is unclear whether LBP is more prevalent in athletic populations or differs between levels of competition. Thus it was the aim of this study to document and compare the prevalence, intensity, quality and frequency of LBP between elite and semi-elite male Australian football code part...