A new triterpenoid saponin was isolated from Pulsatilla cernua, along with eight known triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides. The new compound was identified as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-bayogenin-28-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1) on the basis of 1D, 2D-NMR techniques, including COSY, HMBC, and H...

paris polyphylla smith var. yunnanensis (liliaceae) is an important traditional medicinal plant of the yunnan province in china. however, the genomic information regarding this plant is limited. to further understand its molecular background, we conducted illumina hiseq 2000 second-generation sequencing of this plant species. approximately 30,198,679 reads with an average length of 202 bases we...

Serial section electron microscopy of hemolysing erythrocytes (fixed at 12 s after the onset of osmotic hemolysis) revealed long slits and holes in the membrane, extending to around 1 microm in length. Many but not all of the slits and holes (about 100-1000 A wide) were confluent with one another. Ferritin and colloidal gold (added after fixation) only permeated those cells containing membrane ...

The results of a comparative study of the respiration rates of mitochondria in saponin-skinned rat cardiac fibers (SF) and in fibers treated with saponin and collagenase (SCF) suggest that only about half of the whole population of mitochondria manifest their activity in SF, in contrast to SCF, in response to extracellular substrates of oxidative phosphorylation. The apparent K(m) value for ADP...

The present study comprises physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation of arial parts of Eclipta alba in different extracts using ethanol, petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform and aqueous solvents by using standard methods. The physical evaluation was carried out for the determination physiochemical profile such as ash values and extractive values, whereas phytochemical evaluation was carried...

Compositional changes in ginsenosides and crude saponin during enzymatic biotransformation of red ginseng were studied on three commercial polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes, Pectinex, Termamyl, and Celluclast. Considerable enhancement of crude saponin production was observed with Pectinex, whereas hydrothermally processed black ginseng showed significant decrease. Celluclast-treated red ginsen...

BACKGROUND The current typical drying methods for red ginseng are sun drying and hot-air drying. The purpose of this study was to investigate drying characteristics of red ginseng by using far-infrared drying. METHODS The far-infrared drying tests on red ginseng were conducted at two drying stages: (1) high temperature for 24 h drying and (2) low temperature drying until the final moisture co...

Two novel oleanane-type triterpene saponins, licorice-saponin P2 (1) and licorice-saponin Q2 (3), together with nine known compounds 2, 4-11, have been isolated from the water extract of the roots of Glycyrrhiza inflata. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 2D-NMR experiments (1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and ROESY). In in vitro assays, c...

Chromosaponin I (CSI), a gamma-pyronyl-triterpenoid saponin isolated from pea and other leguminous plants, modulates several developmental processes of plant roots and activates the sugar taste receptor cells in blowflies. CSI is a unique saponin for its reducing power and biological activities in both plants and insects. In the present paper, we described the method of preparation for CSI-spec...

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death worldwide, so people are advised to limit their intake of dietary cholesterol [1]. Egg consumption has been seriously reduced because of the high levels of cholesterol [2]. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cholesterol metabolism effects of alfalfa saponin extract (ASE) in liver and ovary tissues using digital gene-expression (DGE) ...