Serum samples from 51 apparently healthy breeding bulls were screened for bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) antibodies using an avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, revealing a sero-positive prevalence rate of 45.09%. Semen samples were then collected from 12 of the sero-positive and 12 of the sero-negative bulls and tested for BHV-1 antigen using both a virus isolation assay and a polym...

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) is a technique used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on the recognition of restriction sites by enzymes. RFLP-PCR an easy-to-perform and inexpensive tool for initial analysis SNPs potentially associated with some monogenic diseases, as well in genotyping, genetic mapping, lineage screening, for...

Primer-introduced restriction analysis is widely used in molecular genetics. However, several studies have reported inconsistent data regarding sequencing, mainly among heterozygous samples. This discrepancy may be related to the bias towards a 1:1 ratio typically observed in heterozygous digestion products. In this study, we investigated the mechanism and minimization of this observed bias. Th...

In this study, the transformed system mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens of Gynostemma pentaphyllum was constructed using phosphomannose-isomerase (PMI) gene as a marker. To investigate cefotaxime sodium salt (Cef) concentration bacteriostatic medium and appropriate mannose in selectable medium, explants stems with buds were cultured basic supplemented different Cef concentrations, respectiv...