Vasa vasorum (VV) are small arteries which penetrate the arterial wall both through the luminal surface (vasa vasorum internae) and the adventitia (vasa vasorum externae). Adventitial VV ramify into smaller vessels supplying the outer media layers. Venous VV are more numerous and also supply mainly the outer media. In humans, arteries containing less than 29 cellular layers or less than 0.5 mm ...

An effective T-cell-based AIDS vaccine should induce strong HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells in mucosal tissues without increasing the availability of target cells for the virus. Here, we evaluated five immunization strategies that include Human adenovirus-5 (AdHu5), Chimpanzee adenovirus-6 (AdC6) or -7 (AdC7), Vaccinia virus (VV), and DNA given by electroporation (DNA/EP), all expressing Simian imm...

New high resolution CO (3–2) interferometric map of the IR-bright interacting galaxy system VV 114 observed with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) reveal a substantial amount of warm and dense gas in the IR-bright but optically obscured galaxy, VV 114E, and the overlap region connecting the two nuclei. A 1.8×1.4 kpc concentration of CO (3–2) emitting gas with a total mass of 4×109M⊙ coincides with ...

OBJECTIVE The early identification of the onset of subclinical atheromatosis is essential in reducing the high mortality risk from cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. Although carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is the most commonly used early predictor of ongoing atherosclerosis, an experimental model of atherosclerosis, demonstrated that increases in adventitial microvessels (vasa vasor...

Vaccinia virus (vv) early transcription can be reconstituted in vitro from purified virions; in this assay mRNAs are made inside the viral core and subsequently extruded. Although the in vitro process has been extensively characterized, relatively little is known about vv early transcription in vivo. In the present study the fate of vv early mRNAs in infected HeLa cells was followed by BrUTP tr...

Vaccinia virus (VACV) oncolytic therapy has been successful in a number of tumor models. In this study our goal was to generate a double recombinant vaccinia virus (VV-GMCSF-Lact) with enhanced antitumor activity that expresses exogenous proteins: the antitumor protein lactaptin and human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Lactaptin has previously been demonstrated to ac...

The hyper-Rayleigh scattering ~HRS! spectrum of liquid D2O was measured at 90° scattering angle with linearly polarized light ~VV, HV, VH, and HH polarization geometries!. The VV and HV spectral profiles are similar, but the HV and VH spectral profiles are very different. This can be accounted for by scattering from nonlocal modes of molecular reorientation. The local mode and the transverse no...

Whole body vibration training is widely used in rehabilitation and sports activities to improve muscle strength, balance, and flexibility. However, the molecular mechanisms of vertical vibration (VV) training and their effect on the myogenesis of myoblasts remain undefined. This study was undertaken to address the hypothesis that VV can enhance the expression of ECM proteins and myogenic regula...