To understand the genetic diversity of the S2 gene of infectious bronchitis viruses (IBV) isolated in Japan, we determined the nucleotide sequences of these IBVs using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method coupled with direct sequencing. IBV isolated in Japan were classified into six different groups by phylogenetic analysis based on the S2 gene. However, the classification...

Corroborative data collected from 16S rRNA clone libraries, intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region clone libraries, and 16S rRNA hypervariable region tag pyrosequencing demonstrate microdiversity within single-species archaeal biofilms of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field. Both 16S rRNA clone libraries and pyrosequencing of the V6 hypervariable region show that Lost City Methanosarcinales (L...

BACKGROUND Melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) selectively sense cytoplasmic viral RNA to induce an antiviral immune response. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is one of the most important infectious agents in chickens, and in chicken cells, it can be recognized by MDA5 to activate interferon production. RIG-I is considered to be absent ...

Aquatic birnaviruses, such as infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), cause serious diseases in a variety of fish species used worldwide in aquaculture and have also been isolated from a variety of healthy fish and shellfish species. These viruses exhibit a high degree of antigenic heterogeneity and variation in biological properties such as pathogenicity, host range, and temperature of re...

We report here the identification of a 24-kDa polypeptide in IBV-infected Vero cells by immunoprecipitation with a region-specific antiserum raised in rabbits against the IBV sequence encoded between nucleotides 10,928 and 11,493. Coexpression, deletion, and mutagenesis studies have demonstrated that this protein is encoded by ORF 1a from nucleotide 10,915 to 11,544 and is released from the 1a ...

Case Report: Recently a 20-day-old layer flock with mortality has been submitted to the PCR Lab. Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) has been detected in the clinical samples. Results: A phylogenetic tree based on a partial S1 gene sequence showed Iranian IBV variant located in LX4-type cluster. This cluster include all QXIBV-type detected in China and European countries. The highest sequence hom...