This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date...

A tradition is a behavioral practice that is shared among members of a group; is performed repeatedly over a period of time (that is, it is enduring); and depends to a measurable degree on social contributions to individual learning for its appearance in new practitioners (for elaboration see Fragaszy and Perry7). I will consider the implications of this definition for how we can identify tradi...

Herbal therapies have become an integral part of the American health care scene. Since 1991, public use of herbal products has increased quite markedly, with over $5 billion spent annually. This does not include the many (up to 25%) pharmaceutical products used in conventional practice that originally were, and in some cases still are, derived from plants (Table 69.1). The perennial appeal of h...

in this paper, the competition between two supply chains and their elements is studied. each chain consisted of a manufacturer and a distributor and the two chains compete in a market with single type of customer sensitive to price and delivery time. therefore, this is a two-supply chain game and during the competition between two supply chains, elements of each supply chain (manufacturer and/o...

The inequalities between different countries today are considerable; many countries in the world are involved in armed conflict and in many others a large part of the population lives below the poverty line. As a result, migration is increasing, as many people emigrate in search of a better quality of life. In Spain, we have witnessed exponential growth in immigration for more than a decade, al...

As we progress in the exciting area of treatment of acute myocardial infarction, two clinical trial methodologies coming from different philosophies and traditions must be considered. Smaller (200-3000 patient), detailed trials focusing on pathophysiology will be referred to as "mini-trials", while mammoth studies (10 000-50 000 patients) designed to measure mortality rates will be referred to ...

Ever since the Meiji period, kimono has been commodified — nationally and internationally as Japanese national dress, symbolising Japan a land full of exquisite, exotic traditions. While production is now in decline, its image still thriving, actively promoted marketed to attract tourists domestic international ones alike quest an “authentic”, sometimes premium, experience. As result, consumed ...

This paper presents a novel static analysis technique to detect XML query-update independence, in the presence of a schema. Rather than types, our system infers chains of types. Each chain represents a path that can be traversed on a valid document during query/update evaluation. The resulting independence analysis is precise, although it raises a challenging issue: recursive schemas may lead t...

Along with proving the sufficiency of the Qur’ān for the extraction of the religious knowledge, the Qur’ānists have doubted the authenticity and the authoritativeness of the sunna and Ḥadīth. One of their reasons for the inauthenticity of the sunna is the inefficiency of the Ḥadīth evaluation and criticism system. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present study first analyzes their mai...

1 Kafri, Mukamel, and Peliti Reply: The Comment of Hanke and Metzler [1] questions the validity of the analysis presented in [2] to DNA chains of finite length as used in experiments. Their argument is that for the analysis to be valid " each of the three segments going out of a vertex must be much longer than the persistence length ℓ p of this segment ". By using the persistence lengths ℓ p (L...