Introduction: Salivary gland Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is a well-established pre-operative diagnostic tool done routinely worldwide. Heterogeneity of salivary lesions makes cytology diagnosis challenging for most cytopathologists. Milan system reporting six tier developed to minimize inter-observer variability, thus enhance reproducibility cyto-diagnosis.
 Aims: To study utility Syst...

With our understanding of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, the availability of HPV testing, and the known limitations of cervical cytology, it is time to reassess cervical cancer screening technologies. This article reviews recent randomized trials comparing primary HPV testing with cervical cytology in screening for cervical cancer, and also analyzes the impact of the HPV vaccin...

BACKGROUND Subjective visual assessment of cervical cytology is flawed, and this can manifest itself by inter- and intra-observer variability resulting ultimately in the degree of discordance in the grading categorisation of samples in screening vs. representative histology. Biospectroscopy methods have been suggested as sensor-based tools that can deliver objective assessments of cytology. How...

BACKGROUND Primary cervical screening with both human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and cytological examination of cervical cells with a Pap test (cytology) has been evaluated in randomized clinical trials. Because the vast majority of women with positive cytology are also HPV DNA positive, screening strategies that use HPV DNA testing as the primary screening test may be more effective. M...

We conducted studies in Vanuatu to evaluate potential screening and treatment strategies to assist with control of cervical cancer. In a pilot study of 496 women, visual inspection and cytology were evaluated as screening tests for detection of CIN 2 or worse (CIN2+), observed in 21 of 206 subjects biopsied on the basis of abnormal visual inspection or cytology. Sensitivity of visual inspection...

BACKGROUND The availability of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and vaccination against HPV types 16 and 18 (HPV-16,18) motivates questions about the cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer prevention in the United States for unvaccinated older women and for girls eligible for vaccination. METHODS An empirically calibrated model was used to assess the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Currently, cystoscopy and urine cytology are standard modalities in therapy monitoring and follow-up of bladder cancer. Cystoscopy is an invasive and uncomfortable procedure while cytology has a limited value because it is operator-dependent and has a low sensitivity. This study was to assess the accuracy of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) in detecting bladder ...

Primary screening for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) requires a triage protocol. Repeat cytology testing at baseline and after 6 to 12 months has emerged as a reasonable triage approach, but carries the risk of loss to follow-up. Repeat cytology testing may be omitted if cytology is supplemented with another, complementary triage test at baseline. In this study, the performance of combi...

background : invasive ductal carcinoma is one of the most common type of tumors in females, constituting a single large group of breast cancers. there are various prognostic factors, of which tumor grade, size and axillary lymph node metastasis are among the important ones. fine needle aspiration cytology is a commonly used diagnostic technique in the initial evaluation of breast lumps. in the ...