A new combination in the rank of subspecies, Campanula tridentata Schreb. subsp. ruprechtii (Boiss.) Ogan., distributed Armenia, Nakhchivan Republic and Iran is published. The lectotype name designated.

Alkaloids, plant secondary metabolites, have a wide variety of biological effects. For this reason, the extraction alkaloids from plants is strategic importance. Different protocols for been described by many authors. The objective study was to compare efficacy three different Glaucium corniculatum. This article compares Soxhlet and ultrasonication protocol, used in previous studies, modified p...

Many forest herbs show reduced frequency in forests growing on former agricultural land (secondary forests) relative to forests that were never cleared for agriculture (primary forests). To explain this pattern, studies of secondary forest colonization by forest herbs have stressed the role of limited seed dispersal, though environmental conditions may also limit colonization. Here I demonstrat...