background: interleukin (il)-8 plays important roles in the recruitment and activation of immune cells during visceral leishmaniasis (vl). genetic variations in il-8 modulate the expression of il-8 protein and may be associated with vl. this study aimed to evaluate polymorphisms at the il-8 −251 position in vl patients. methods: this cross-sectional study was performed on three groups: leishman...

Public health care in Canada (“medicare”) is based on five principles, and its realization balances precariously on the method by which this public service is provided.1 At one end of the delivery spectrum, medicare could be a fully decommodified public service similar to the public education system; at the other end, public health care insurance could exist alongside the private, for-profit de...

In 1989 jürgen habermas opined that Carl Schmitt was unlikely to have the same ‘power of contagion in the Anglo-Saxon world’ as had Nietzsche and Heidegger. Too deep and unbridgeable was the spiritual gulf that separated the disgraced éminence grise of the ascending Axis power—publicly, at least, a virtual taboo figure within the Federal Republic—from the more liberal climes and political sensi...

assesment of health related quality of life (hrql) is increasingly recognized as an important part of the patient care in asthma. we aimed to evaluate the effect of personality disorders (pds) on hrql and the severity of disease in asthmatic patients. ninety seven consecutive patients with asthma and ninety healthy controls were included. all  patients  completed  a  short  form-36  health  sur...

Many graph theoretical parameters have been used to describe the vulnerability of communication networks, including toughness, binding number, rate of disruption, neighbor-connectivity, integrity, mean integrity, edgeconnectivity vector, l-connectivity and tenacity. In this paper we discuss Integrity and its properties in vulnerability calculation. The integrity of a graph G, I(G), is defined t...

Abstract In this article, we consider compositions of positive integers with 2 s and 3 . We see that these lead us to results involve Padovan numbers, give some tiling models compositions. Moreover, examine the related polynomials prove identities using model’s method. Next, obtain various numbers. The number palindromic type is determined, numerical arithmetic functions are defined. Finally, p...