INTRODUCTION Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) composed of Tau are hallmarks of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer disease. Transgenic mice expressing full-length pro-aggregant human Tau (2N4R Tau-ΔK280, termed Tau(ΔK)) or its repeat domain (TauRD-ΔK280, TauRD(ΔK)) develop a progressive Tau pathology with missorting, phosphorylation, aggregation of Tau, loss of synapses and functional deficits. Whereas...

In this work, the convection-diffusion integro-differential equation with a weakly singular kernel is discussed. The  Legendre spectral tau method is introduced for finding the unknown function. The proposed method is based on expanding the approximate solution as the elements of a shifted Legendre polynomials. We reduce the problem to a set of algebraic equations by using operational matrices....

In this paper, we adapt the operational Tau Method for personal computers and apply it to a system of two nonlinear second order ordinary differential equations which are related to general relativity. The interesting behaviour this problem exhibits in its numerical treatment is discussed. In this problem, we try to use the Tau perturbation term to locate the correct solution of this nonlin...

Accumulation of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau (P-tau) in the form of tangles of paired helical filaments and/or straight filaments is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. P-tau is also found unpolymerized in AD. Although the cognitive decline is known to correlate with the degree of neurofibrillary pathology, whether the formation of filaments or the prec...

Abnormal phosphorylation of tau has been considered as a key pathogenic mechanism inducing tau aggregation in multiple neurodegenerative disorders, collectively called tauopathies. Recent evidence showed that tau phosphorylation sites are protected with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) in normal brain. In pathological condition, tau is de-glycosylated and becomes a substrate for kinase...

The use of antibodies to treat neurodegenerative diseases has undergone rapid development in the past decade. To date, immunotherapeutic approaches to Alzheimer's disease have mostly targeted amyloid beta as it is a secreted protein that can be found in plasma and CSF and is consequently accessible to circulating antibodies. Few recent publications have suggested the utility of treatment of tau...

Hyperphosphorylation of tau at multiple sites has been implicated in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease; however, the relationship between toxicity and phosphorylation of tau has not been clearly elucidated. Putative tau kinases that play a role in such phosphorylation events include the proline-directed kinases glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and cyclin-...

Immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed human Alzheimer's disease (AD) tissue using an anti-tau antibody (Tau-1) reveals staining of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuritic plaques (NPs), whereas normal axonal staining is less apparent. In this study, we used a combined biochemical and histochemical approach to assess effects of formalin on immunoreactivity of AD tau. Nitrocellulose blots we...

Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, is associated with disrupted axonal transport and synaptic dysfunction ultimately manifesting as histopathological lesions of protein aggregates. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) may be critical for the pathological hyper...

Frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes for tau, a microtubule-binding protein. Neuropathologically the disease is characterized by extensive neuronal loss in the frontal and temporal lobes and the filamentous accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau. The R406W miss...