Among 4,215 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates obtained in Spain during 2006, 98 (2.3%) were ciprofloxacin resistant (3.6% from adults and 0.14% from children). In comparison with findings from a 2002 study, global resistance remained stable. Low-level resistance (30 isolates with MIC 4-8 microg/mL) was caused by a reserpine-sensitive efflux phenotype (n = 4) or single topoisomerase IV (parC [n ...

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the prominent pathogens in ocular infection. The prevalence of mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) area in S epidermidis isolated from the ocular surface and its association with fluoroquinolone resistance has not been fully elucidated. METHODS Mutations in the QRDR of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes of 138 isolates ...

Resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQ) is being increasingly reported and found to be mediated by efflux pumps, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR) and mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE. However, studies reporting on FQ resistance mechanisms (FQRM), particularly in Africa, are focused mostly on Salmonella. This study used a whole-genome-based approach to describe FQRM in forty-...

To investigate the mechanism of resistance in the isolates, fragments of gyrA (847 bp) and parC (822 bp) genes were amplifi ed by using primers gyrA1F (5′-gttttcccagtcacgacgttgtaATGA CCGACGCAACCATCCGCCAC-3′) and gyrA-1R (5′-ttgtgagcggataacaattt cCCAGCTTGGCTTTGTTGACCTG ATAG-3′), and parC-1F (5′-gttttcccag tcacgacgttgtaATGAATACGCAAGC GCACGCCCCA-3′) and parC-1R (5′ttgtgagcggataacaatttcGGAATTGGC GT...

In this study, a total of 380 raw meat samples (pork, beef, and chicken) were collected randomly from traditional markets in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). Salmonella strains were isolated by cultivation methods according to ISO 6579-1:2017, subsequently confirmed by PCR method (TCVN 8342:2010). These used test antibiotic susceptibility in six kinds antibiotics ...

Trophos, Parc Scientifique de Luminy case 931, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France (T.B., B.B., M.M., C.D., P.G., P.D., E.S., D.M., M.D., R.M.P.) ; Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA (N.P.A., A.S.E., D.F.C.); U773 Inserm, Centre de Recherche Biologique Bichat Beaujeon (CRB3), Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, BP 416, 75018 Paris, Franc...

A total of 83 Vibrio isolates from farmed marine shrimps (Penaeus monodon) were tested for the presence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons, SXT constin and tetracycline resistance-encoding genes. Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the gyrA and parC genes were determined in fluoroquinolone-resistant Vibrio strains (n=17). Five isolates were found to carry class 1 int...

The antibiotic resistance of 16 Aeromonas (A.) salmonicida strains isolated from diseased fish and environmental samples in Korea from 2006 to 2009 were investigated in this study. Tetracycline or quinolone resistance was observed in eight and 16 of the isolates, respectively, based on the measured minimal inhibitory concentrations. Among the tetracycline-resistant strains, seven of the isolate...

We extend the transfer theorem of [14] to the complex field. That is, we investigate the links between the class VPSPACE of families of polynomials and the Blum-Shub-Smale model of computation over C. Roughly speaking, a family of polynomials is in VPSPACE if its coefficients can be computed in polynomial space. Our main result is that if (uniform, constant-free) VPSPACE families can be evaluat...