Wang X, Chu MM, Wong AO. Signaling mechanisms for 2-adrenergic inhibition of PACAP-induced growth hormone secretion and gene expression grass carp pituitary cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292: E1750 –E1762, 2007. First published February 20, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00001.2007.—Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a potent growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor in ...

We have isolated and sequenced a clone from a rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) genomic library that carries a gene encoding a fish growth hormone (GH). This gene spans a region of approximately equal to 4 kilobases, nearly twice that of mammalian GH genes. The trout GH gene is comprised of six exons, in contrast with five exons in mammals. The additional intron in the fish gene interrupts transl...

Therapeutic use of growth hormone (GH) in the United States generally has been restricted to GHdeficient children who, with their families, agree to participate in research. The limited supply and the considerable expense of commercially prepared GH have restricted the number of children who have received such therapy. As the medical community and public become more aware of the therapeutic pot...

GH and GH receptors are expressed throughout life, and GH elicits a diverse range of responses, including growth and altered metabolism. It is therefore important to understand the full spectrum of GH signaling pathways and cellular responses. We applied mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics combined with stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture to identify proteins rapidly ...

In order to study GH cell differentiation, we used the clonal cell lines called MtT/E and MtT/S cells, which were derived from a rat mammotrophic pituitary tumor. Although MtT/E cells are non-hormone-producing ones, Pit-1 protein is present in their nuclei, which suggests that MtT/E cells are progenitor cells of the Pit-1 cell lineage and have the potential to differentiate into hormone-produci...

Growth hormone (GH) resistance may develop as a consequence of inflammation during conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the specific role of the GH-insulin growth factor (IGF)-1-axis and/or the functional consequences of GH resistance in this condition are unclear. In situ hybridization targeting the GH receptor (GHR) and relevant transcr...

Elevated GH levels are frequently seen in poorly controlled type I diabetics and have been implicated in diabetic complications. Studies of GH and GH antagonist (GHA) transgenic mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes have revealed that GH has a permissive effect for diabetic nephropathy, and that expression of a GHA gene protected mice against diabetic kidney lesions. To investigate wh...

It is well known that peripherally administered growth hormone (GH) results in decreased body fat mass. However, GH-deficient patients increase their food intake when substituted with GH, suggesting that GH also has an appetite stimulating effect. Transgenic mice with an overexpression of bovine GH in the central nervous system (CNS) were created to investigate the role of GH in CNS. This study...

Two of 7 patients with acromegaly and one of 7 normal subjects exhibited a paradoxical rise in growth hormone (GH) to human corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) when pretreated with metoclopramide, although CRH alone did not induce an increase in GH. In one of these two patients with acromegaly, the GH increase to metoclopramide alone also reached the criteria of a paradoxical response. These ...

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are the most important regulators of growth, regeneration metabolism. The influence GH IGF-1 on pediatric liver transplant outcomes is mediated through body weight regulation, specific effects hepatocyte function immune system activity. In recent years, blood levels these factors life expectancy, both in healthy individuals recipients...