We have investigated the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the excitatory synaptic transmission to central vestibular neurons in the isolated superfused brainstem of the frog. In superfusate containing 1 mM Mg2+ field potentials in the vestibular nuclei evoked by electrical stimulation of either the ipsi- or the contralateral VIIIth nerve were not affected by bath-applied D-2-ami...

The pharmacological properties of excitatory synapses on pyramidal cells in layer V of rat visual cortex were investigated by recording EPSPs intracellularly in tissue slices. The EPSPs were evoked by electrically stimulating cells in layer II/III or axons in white matter. All of the layer V neurons were pyramidal in nature as determined by injections of Lucifer yellow or by electrophysiologica...

BACKGROUND Glyphosate has been used for weed control in South China various situations four decades, and most Eleusine indica populations are suspected to have evolved resistance glyphosate. This research investigated underling target-site glyphosate mechanisms six field-collected, putative glyphosate-resistant (R) E. populations. RESULTS The R were confirmed be low (1.8 2.6-fold) moderately (5...

This paper reports the first C. radiata population with resistance to glyphosate and multiple acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, imazamox. Two populations, one putative resistant (R) susceptible (S), were used in studies. Dose–response experiments performed evaluate factor (RF). Shikimic acid accumulation, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSPS) ALS enzyme activities studied together che...

The current study presents the results of a 13 week feeding study in rats with grain from Roundup Ready corn which is tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate. Herbicide tolerance was accomplished through the introduction of cp4 epsps coding sequences into the corn genome for in planta production of CP4 EPSPS enzymes. Unlike related corn EPSPS enzymes, CP4 EPSPS enzymes are not inhibited by the her...

The main role of the thalamus is to relay sensory inputs to the neocortex. In the primary somatosensory thalamus (ventrobasal thalamus), sensory inputs deliver tactile information through the medial lemniscus tract. The transmission of sensory information through this pathway is affected by behavioral state. For instance, the relay of high-frequency somatosensory inputs through the thalamus is ...

The involvement of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) vs. N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mediated changes in NMDA-induced long-term depression (LTD) was assessed by monitoring isolated AMPA, isolated NMDA and composite field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) in the CA1 area of acute rat hippocampal slices. Application of NMDA (20-50 microM) for 3-5 min...

SK2- and KV4.2-containing K+ channels modulate evoked synaptic potentials in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Each is coupled to a distinct Ca2+ source that provides Ca2+-dependent feedback regulation to limit AMPA receptor (AMPAR)- and NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated postsynaptic depolarization. SK2-containing channels are activated by Ca2+ entry through NMDARs, whereas KV4.2-containing channel availabil...

Dopaminergic projections to the superficial layers of the lateral entorhinal cortex can modulate the strength of olfactory inputs to the region. We have found that low concentrations of dopamine facilitate field EPSPs in the entorhinal cortex, and that higher concentrations of dopamine suppress synaptic responses. Here, we have used whole-cell current clamp recordings from layer II neurons to d...

Roundup Ready soy contains the CP4-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) protein. Serum IgE from two distinct populations of soy-allergic patients were recruited to determine their IgE-binding specificity. One population consisted of 10 adult patients from Europe, whose primary diagnosis was soy food allergy with some also having mite allergy. In addition, 6 primarily mite-aller...