Despite a slight drop in enrollment and a dramatic shift in the landscape of the rural Medicare Advantage (MA) market in early 2010, MA plans have experienced modest growth in enrollment in rural areas over the last two quarters of 2010. The majority of the growth is concentrated in preferred provider organization (PPO) plans, counteracting a decline in private fee-for-service (PFFS) plan enrol...

Calluses from seasonal mature shoots of Taxus globosa Schltdl. were subcultured in new medium containing 1 mg l -1 NAA, 0.5 mg l -1 2, 4-D, 0.025 mg l -1 BA. Calluses growing for 30 and 40 days in a medium added with 0.1-5.0 mg l -1 of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) were harvested for determination of taxol, phenolic compounds, and for polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. The results showed that by...

Objective: Polyphenol oxidase or PPO (EC 1.14.18.1) is considered the enzyme responsible for quality deterioration and browning in different fruits during postharvest period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibrowning (inhibition of polyphenol oxidase activity) effect of Cysteine, Ascorbic acid, citric acid, kojic acid and glycine at two different pH (6 and 7) in  hawthorn. Me...

The phase behavior of two types of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide) (PEO/PPO) copolymers in aqueous solutions was studied by light scattering, viscometry, and infrared spectroscopy. Both the reverse poloxamer (Pluronic 10R5) and the star type poloxamine (Tetronic 90R4) have practically the same PEO/PPO ratio with their hydrophobic blocks (PPO) located in the outer part. The temperatur...

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) (monophenol, o-diphenol: oxygen oxidoreductase; EC 1.14.18.1) is a binuclear copper-cluster-containing monooxygenase ubiquitously present in biological systems (1, 2). PPO may be distinguished from the related oxidase laccase [p-diphenol:oxygen oxidoreductase; EC 1.10.3.2] by its substrate specificity and the type and number of catalytic coppers. PPO catalyzes the oxida...

A set of diphenyl ether herbicides [1] was examined with Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) using standard steric and electrostatic ®elds and alternative frontier orbitals as 3-D ®elds to explain observed Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) enzyme inhibition. Signi®cant CoMFA models were obtained utilizing standard CoMFA and the LUMO ®eld both together and separately. These ®ndings suppo...

Physical stress (i.e., bruising) during harvesting, handling, and transportation triggers enzymatic discoloration of mushrooms, a common and detrimental phenomenon largely mediated by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a nondestructive technique that combines imaging and spectroscopy to obtain information from a sample. The objective of this study was to assess the...

KOCAQALISKAN I., DEMIR Y. & KABAR, K. 1995. A study on polyphenol oxidase activity during seed germination. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 35 (1): 37-43. English with German summary. In this work, polphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, when used four different substrates (dopa,catechol,caffeic acid, tyrosine) oxidizing activities, during seed germination of six different plants were studied in the embryos...

Pre-defined, researcher-selected outcomes are routinely used as the clinical end-point in randomized controlled trials (RCTs); however, individualized approaches may be an effective way to assess outcome in mental health research. The present study describes the development and evaluation of the Individualized Outcome Measure (IOM), which is a patient-specific outcome measure to be used for RCT...

Abstract Biomolecule adsorption is the first stage of biofouling. The aim of this work was to reduce the adsorption of proteins on stainless steel (SS) and titanium surfaces by modifying them with a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)-PEO triblock copolymer. Anchoring of the central PPO block of the copolymer is known to be favoured by hydrophobic interaction with the substra...