NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, has recently received a great deal of attention as an important molecule that enhances antioxidative defenses and induces resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis-inducing and Nrf2-upregulating effects of quercetin on malignant mesothelioma (MM) MSTO-211H and H2452 cells. ...

The transcription factor NRF2 (NFE2L2) is a pivotal activator of genes encoding cytoprotective and detoxifying enzymes that limit the action of cytotoxic therapies in cancer. NRF2 acts by binding antioxidant response elements (ARE) in its target genes, but there is relatively limited knowledge about how it is negatively controlled. Here, we report that retinoic X receptor alpha (RXRα) is a hith...

Induction of Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been demonstrated to be involved in cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1) is an iron exporter, which possesses many putative Nrf2 binding sites. Here we hypothesize that it may be a possible downstream gene of Nrf2. Elevated level of Nrf2 and reduced level of SLC40A1 were fo...

In the airway of inflammatory diseases, high level of HOCl (estimated to be as high as 8mM) can be generated through a reaction catalyzed by leukocyte granule enzymeMyeloperoxidase (MPO). HOCl, a potent oxidative agent, causes extensive tissue injury through its reaction with various cellular substances including thiols, nucleotides and amines. Besides its physiological source, HOCl can also be...

OBJECTIVE Placental activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. RAS induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by activating NADPH oxidases. Keap1-Nrf2 system is a critical regulator for cellular anti-oxidative stress response through controlling transcription of antioxidant genes. This study has explored the relationship betwe...

Mammosphere culture of breast cancer cell lines is an important approach used for enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which exhibit high tumorigenicity and chemoresistance features. Evidence shows that CSCs maintain lower ROS levels due to elevated expression of ROS-scavenging molecules and antioxidative enzymes, which favors the survival of the CSCs and their chemoresistance. The transcrip...

Leishmania parasites infect macrophages, causing a wide spectrum of human diseases, from cutaneous to visceral forms. In search of novel therapeutic targets, we performed comprehensive in vitro and ex vivo mapping of the signaling pathways upstream and downstream of antioxidant transcription factor [nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)] in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), by combinin...

The Keap1-Nrf2 system is an evolutionarily conserved defense mechanism against oxidative and xenobiotic stress. Besides the exogenous stress response, Nrf2 has been found to regulate numerous cellular functions, including protein turnover and glucose metabolism; however, the evolutionary origins of these functions remain unknown. In the present study, we searched for novel target genes associat...

The nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key regulator of endogenous inducible defense systems in the body. Under physiological conditions NRF2 is mainly located in the cytoplasm. However, in response to oxidative stress, NRF2 translocates to the nucleus and binds to specific DNA sites termed "anti-oxidant response elements" or "electrophile response elements" to initiate tra...

Despite the number of extensive studies on the immune function and signaling of inflammasomes in various diseases, the activating mechanism of inflammasome, especially the NLRP3 inflammasome, is not fully understood. Nuclear factor E2-related Factor-2 (Nrf2), a key transcription factor that regulates cellular redox homeostasis, has been reported to play both protective and pathogenic roles depe...