century. The process involved polishing a silver coated copper plate, made photo sensitive by exposure to halogens, then exposed to light, and finally coated with gold. This complex, intricate process has yielded some of the most iconic images of the 19 th century. Unfortunately, in some instances plate interaction with storage materials have yielded objects ranging from pristine to disfigured....

In this paper, the parameters of the LTE system in DL are investigated. These parameters include the effect of the Hybrid Adaptive Repeat and Request henceforth (HARQ) on the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Block Error Rate (BLER), and throughput. The paper deals with three cases of Channel Quality Indicator (CQI): 3,7 and 15.The results showed that the HARQ procedure can improve the BLER and the ...

Synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) combined with scanning electron microscopy-based energy dispersive micro-analysis (EDS) has been used to determine the elemental distribution of contaminants (e.g., Ni) and of chemical elements inherent to the cement matrix (e.g., Si, Ca, Al, S) in hardened cement paste. Detailed information on the cement microstructure was gained by using backsc...

In vivo X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement of bone lead concentration (XRF) has emerged as an important technique for future epidemiological studies of long-term toxicity. Several issues germane to epidemiologic methodology need to be addressed, however. First, sources of variability in measurements of bone lead need to be quantified, including imprecision related to the physical measurement ...

Gold nanorods (GNRs) have been fabricated by a novel polymer-immobilised seed mediated method using ultraviolet (UV) photoreduced gold-polymethylmethacrylate (Au-PMMA) nanocomposites as a seed platform and characterised at sub-micron scale regime with synchrotron-based techniques; near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping. In this repor...

A test bench instrument constructed at MOXTEK, Inc. is capable of simultaneously capturing X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) information using a charge-coupled device (CCD) as the X-ray detector. NASA is funding the instrument’s construction because of its low-power consumption and compact size; it could be used for in-situ planetary exploration missions for mineral analysis....