Following the physical mapping of Chlamydomonas moewusii chJoroplastic DNA (1), we selected clones on the basis of their hybridization with positively light-regulated transcripts from the same organism (2, 3). One such clone containing a 13.5 kb insert was subcloned and a SaR-Xbal 2.4 kb fragment sequenced. It contained, among other features, a 1,689 bp ORF 563 (4) similar to ORF 513 from the c...

DNA sequence analysis of the regions adjacent to the hlyA gene, which encodes listeriolysin O, an essential virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes, revealed the presence of two open reading frames (ORFs): ORF D located 304 base pairs downstream from hlyA, and ORF U located 224 base pairs upstream from and in opposite direction to hlyA. Promoter mapping performed with RNAs extracted from cel...

Group II introns are a major class of ribozymes found in bacteria, mitochondria, and plastids. Many introns contain reverse transcriptase open reading frames (ORFs) that confer mobility to the introns and allow them to persist as selfish DNAs. Here, we report an updated compilation of group II introns in Eubacteria and Archaea comprising 234 introns. One new phylogenetic class is identified, as...

The recent description and characterization of several novel unique lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) strains have revealed the inadequacy current techniques for differentiating between vaccine- wild-type viruses. lack reliable sequencing targets promptly distinguishing circulating recombinant vaccine-like (RVLSs) highlights need to develop a single simple differentiation tool. In this study, we ...

The Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDNV), isolated from crickets, has been endemic in Europe for at least 35 years. Severe epizootics have also been observed in American commercial rearings since 2009 and 2010. The AdDNV genome was cloned and sequenced for this study. The transcription map showed that splicing occurred in both the nonstructural (NS) and capsid protein (VP) multicistronic RNAs. ...

Plasmid cp8.3 of Borrelia afzelii IP21 carries several open reading frames (ORFs) and a 184-bp inverted repeat (IR) element. It has been speculated that this plasmid may encode factors involved in virulence or infectivity. In this report, we have characterized the distribution, molecular variability, and organization of ORFs 1, 2, and 4 and the IR elements among isolates of the Borrelia burgdor...

The ascomycete Botrytis porri causes clove rot and leaf blight of garlic worldwide. We report here the biological and molecular features of a novel bipartite double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus named Botrytis porri RNA virus 1 (BpRV1) from the hypovirulent strain GarlicBc-72 of B. porri. The BpRV1 genome comprises two dsRNAs, dsRNA-1 (6,215 bp) and dsRNA-2 (5,879 bp), which share sequence ide...

The objective of this study was to evaluate abuse potential, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of intranasally administered, crushed reformulated OxyContin® (oxycodone HCl controlled-release) tablets (ORF), relative to crushed original OxyContin® (OC), oxycodone powder (Oxy API), and OC placebo. This randomized, double-blind, positive- and placebo-controlled crossover study enrolle...

Musty odor production by actinomycetes is usually related to the presence of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), which are synthesized enzymes encoded geoA tpc genes, respectively. Streptomyces spp. strain S10, was isolated from a water reservoir in Malaysia, has ability produce when cultivated basal salt (BS) solid medium, but no 2-MIB occurred during growth BS medium. Strain S10 could hig...

Internationally, teachers use oral reading fluency (ORF) measurements to monitor learning progress in and adapt instruction the individual needs of students. In ORF measures, child reads aloud single syllables, words, or short passages, teacher rates parallel at which items makes a mistake. Since administering paper-based requires increased effort on part teachers, computer-based test administr...