The Kohonen self organizing map is an excellent tool in exploratory phase of data mining and pattern recognition. The SOM is a popular tool that maps high dimensional space into a small number of dimensions by placing similar elements close together, forming clusters. Recently researchers found that to capture the uncertainty involved in cluster analysis, it is not necessary to have crisp bound...

In this study self-organizing maps (SOM) were utilized for spatiotemporal analysis and classification of body surface potential mapping (BSPM) data. Altogether 86 cardiac depolarization (QRS) sequences paced by a catheter in 18 patients were included. Spatial BSPM distributions at every 5 ms over the QRS complex were first presented to an untrained SOM. The learning process of the SOM units org...

The Self-Organizing Map, SOM, is a widely used tool in exploratory data analysis. Visual inspection of the SOM can be used to list potential dependencies between variables, that are then validated with more principled statistical methods. In this paper we discuss the use of the SOM in searc hing for dependencies in the data. We poin t out that simple use of the SOM may lead to excessive number ...

Multistrategy Learning of Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is commonly implemented in clustering domain due to its capabilities in handling complex data characteristics. However, some of these multistrategy learning architectures have weaknesses such as slow convergence time always being trapped in the local minima. This paper proposes multistrategy learning of SO...

در حالی که رمان‌های مارگارت آتوود موضوع بحث‌های انتقادی زیادی های بوده اند، مجموعه داستان کوتاه‌ او چندان مورد توجه منتقدان قرار نگرفته و بیشتر موارد نادیده گرفته شده اند. این مقاله، کوتاه قطبیت ها مردی از مریخ نخستین انتخاب با استفاده تئوری‌های رونالد لینگ سیمون دوبوارنقد میشود خود تقسیم شخصیت‌هایی ناامیدانه جستجوی گرمای انسانی تحقق زندگی دچار هم پاشیدگی روانی میشوند بررسی می شود. نظریات برگرف...

The peptide substances P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM) are present in small-diameter neurones of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and in small-diameter fibres that project to the spinal cord dorsal horn. It is not known whether SP or SOM coexist with other transmitter molecules but, since both peptides can be released from sensory neurones and both can alter neuronal firing rates in the dorsal horn, it ...

Objective(s):This study examined whether conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation affects insulin sensitivity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) protein expressions in the skeletal muscles of rats during endurance exercise. Materials and Methods:Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into HS (high-fat diet (HFD) s...

The aim of this article is to inquire about correlations between criminal phenomena and demographic factors. This international-level comparative study used a dataset covering 56 countries and 28 attributes. The data were processed with the Self-Organizing Map (SOM), assisted other clustering methods, and several statistical methods for obtaining comparable results. The article is an explorator...

In this paper, we discuss the use of Self Organizing Maps (SOM) for character and word clustering. The SOM is a particular kind of artificial neural network that computes an unsupervised clustering of the input data arranging the cluster centers in a lattice. After an overview of the previous applications of unsupervised learning and SOM in the field of Document Image Analysis we describe our r...

SOM is a type of unsupervised learning where the goal is to discover some underlying structure of the data. In this paper, a new extraction method based on the main idea of Concurrent Self-Organizing Maps (CSOM), representing a winner-takes-all collection of small SOM networks is proposed. Each SOM of the system is trained individually to provide best results for one class only. The experiments...