improvements in the two-step synthesis of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2- (fluoromehoxy)propane (sevoflurane) that result in the product cost reduction, safety level enhancement and positive environmental impacts are described. this process consists of chloromethylation reaction of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (hfip) followed by a halogen-exchange fluorination. this is the first synthesis of sev...

cadmium is a heavy metal with a strong adverse effect on crop quality. moreover, it is a mobile element in environment and plants can easily uptake and transfer it to their organs. cadmium can easily enter human and animals food chains and threatens their health. to study the effects of a water soluble polymer and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on cadmium uptake of clover grown on contamina...

in this research, the ability of bacillus strains in suppression of mycelial growth and conidial germination of b. cinerea against botrytis fruit rot of strawberry were evaluated in three cultivars of strawberry including quineliza, paros and kurdistan. results indicated that among 32 strains of bacillus, ten strains showed strong inhibitory effects against b. cinerea using the plate assay and ...

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background and purpose: to measure the status of academic advising in medical schools, the present study was designed at the secretariat for education and student affairs of the ministry of health and medical education. methods: a benchmarking tool, to assess the quality of different aspects of that field was devised. every school was asked to introduce a representative who would complete a que...

this study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of garlic essential oil (allium sativum l.) and two fungicides including metalaxyl- mancozeb and mancozeb against phytophthora melonis, p. drechsleri and p. capsici the causal agent of damping- off on pepper, melon and cucumber, in vitro and greenhouse conditions. fungal radial growth for each concentration of garlic oil on phytopht...

cellulose sulfuric acid was used as an efficient biopolymer-based catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-2,4,6-triones and hexahydro-2h-pyrazolo[5,4-b]quinoline-6-ones via three component reaction of aldehyde, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadione and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil or 5-amino-3-methyl-1-phenypyrazole under solvent-free conditions at 90 oc. the major advantages o...

this prospective study evaluated the long-term results of intraoperative 5-fu in glaucoma patients undergoing trabeculectomy. 14 patients categorized as high risk or medium risk underwent trabeculectomy with 5-fu and were followed for a mean period of 32 months. patients were evaluated for visual acuity, cup-disc ratio and intraocular pressure (iop); the number of medications was also taken int...

background : cystic fibrosis (cf) is an autosomal recessive disorder chiefly characterized by respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. this study investigates whether omega-3 fatty acid affects quality of life in children with cf. materials and methods: this was a single-blind, pilot study undertaken at the cystic fibrosis center of sarvar children hospital, mashhad, iran from march 2009 unti...