due to the complex structure of the pressure-adjusting device used in most sprinklersfor variable irrigation, it is not possible to observe the flow behavior of the water passingthrough the flow field. in this paper, an integral three dimensional (3d) numerical modelbased on the structural characteristics of the fluidic sprinkler was constructed to simulatethe flow field distribution using comp...

conventional passive distribution networks are changing to modern active distribution networks which are not radial. conventional load flow methods should be modified for new distribution networks analysis. in modern distribution networks distributed generation (dg) units are embedded with conventional and/or renewable resources. dg units are generally modeled as pv or pq nodes which inject ...

various scaling methods such as relative viscosity, peclet and reynolds scaling were used to find the best scaling law. scaling and modeling of the flow curves of various model emulsions consist of tragacanth gum (tg) (0.5, 1 % wt), oleic acid (5, 10% v/v) and wpi (2, 4 % wt) were investigated and the best models were selected. as these emulsions are non-newtonian, they do not obey the usual, si...

this paper presents a numerical study of local mass transfer coefficients in a 90° bend using the rng version of k–e model to include the influence of curvature on the turbulent transport. simulations were performed for flow through a 90°, 3-d bend for reynolds numbers of 13500, 90000, and 390000, schmidt numbers of 2.53 and 700 and curvature ratios of 1.5, 2, and 2.5. the differences between t...

previous studies have shown that electrical stimulation (es) increases blood flow, but the exact mechanisms are not clear. the present study was designed to clarify some of the underlying mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. white adult rabbits lt.-6 months old were used. animals were anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg, iv) and skin blood flow in the thoracic back was recorded us...

in this work, a bench-scale process was developed using mineral-processing methods to recover iron from a placer deposit located in bardaskan, khorasan-e-razavi, iran. the mineralogical studies were performed by x-ray diffraction (xrd), x-ray fluorescence (xrf), electron probe micro-analyzer (epma), and an optical microscope. these studies indicated that titanomagnetite, magnetite, and hematite...

background programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a physiological process needed to remove unwanted or damaged cells. it has been hypothesized that any failure of programmed cell death leads to the development of neoplasm. identifying new agents which induce apoptosis in tumor cells is of great significance in treatment of neo­plasms. numerous studies suggest that exposure of tumor cells to stati...

background sulfur oxides released from the burning of oil causes severe environmental pollution. the sulfur can be removed via the 4s pathway in biodesulfurization (bds). immobilization approaches have been developed to prevent cell contamination of oil during the bds process. objectives the encapsulation of rhodococcus erythropolis r1 in calcium alginate beads was studied in order to enhance c...