TLR2 plays a critical role in the protection against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conferred by ArtinM administration. ArtinM, a D-mannose-binding lectin from Artocarpus heterophyllus, induces IL-12 production in macrophages and dendritic cells, which accounts for the T helper1 immunity that results from ArtinM administration. We examined the direct interaction of ArtinM with TLR2using HEK293A ...

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative anaerobic periodontal pathogen that persists in dysbiotic mixed-species biofilms alongside a dense inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils and other leukocytes in the subgingival areas of the periodontium. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mediates the inflammatory response to P. gingivalis and TLR2-deficient mice resist alveolar bone resorption following or...

Monocytes have emerged as critical driving force of acute inflammation. Here, we show that inhibition of Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2) dimerization by a TLR2 transmembrane peptide (TLR2-p) ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by interfering specifically with the activation of Ly6C(+) monocytes without affecting their recruitment to the colon. We report that TLR2-p directly interacts with TLR2 within th...

Following ligand stimulation, several Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are phosphorylated at tyrosine residues in their intracellular domains. However, the precise chain of events leading to tyrosine-phosphorylation-dependent TLR-mediated cytokine secretion has not been defined. We focused on elaborating the signaling pathway of tyrosine-phosphorylated TLR2. We demonstrated that two tyrosine residues...

Failure of remyelination is largely responsible for sustained neurologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). MS lesions contain hyaluronan deposits that inhibit oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) maturation. However, the mechanism behind this inhibition is unclear. We report here that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is expressed by oligodendrocytes and is up-regulated in MS lesions. Pathogen-der...