A portable X-ray fluorescence probe (pXRF) is a tool that used to measure many elements quickly and efficiently in various samples, without any pretreatment. However, each type of sample generally requires different calibrations be accurate. To overcome this, our work evaluated the efficacy determining several forage plant samples using ‘Soil Nutrient Metal’ calibration commercially available p...

Zirconium alloys are commonly used as a cladding material for fuel elements in nuclear reactors. This application is connected with zirconium alloy’s good resistance to water corrosion and radiation under normal working conditions. In the case of severe accident conditions, possibly very fast oxidation steam or/and air atmosphere may result intense generation hydrogen explosion oxide mixture. T...

The article summarizes and presents an analysis of international experience in solving the problem formation radioisotopes antimony primary circuit reactor facilities various types. twelve countries operating power units with VVER, PWR, BWR, PHWR reactors identifying sources stable isotopes implementing measures to eliminate them is reviewed. recommendations organizations requirements normative...

The properties of the oxide films grown on 308 L SS cladding with various surface treatments and temperatures in simulated PWR primary water are studied. thickness inner layer increases decrease roughness. high oxidation resistance ground is due to thicker fine-grained dislocations density subgrain boundaries near-surface. ferrite-affected zone (FAOZ) expands increase temperature, resulting fro...

This work describes an improved design for a nuclear fuel rod, which was developed using an experimental circuit that simulates the nuclear rod environment in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The heat exchanger circuit runs atmospheric to high-pressure boiling water through an annular finned tube (153 fins), which is used to enhance confined heat transfer rates and guide the nucleate boiling ...

Spacer grid assembly supporting the nuclear fuel rods is an important concern in the design of structural components of a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). The spacer grid is composed by springs and dimples which are formed from a strip sheet by means of blanking and stamping processes. In this paper, the blanking process and tooling parameters are evaluated by means of a 2D plane-strain finite ...