Interactions between CD83 and its ligand(s) can up-regulate immune responses. M2-CD83 cells, derived by transfecting the M2 clone of mouse melanoma K1735 cells to express mouse CD83, were rejected by syngeneic mice, unless they were injected with a CD83Ig fusion protein. Rejection was mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells plus natural killer cells, whereas rejection of M2-1D8 cells, which express a...

Ribonucleotide reducÃ-ase (RR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in DNA syn thesis. The enzyme consists of two subunits, Ml and M2. Hydroxyurea (III ) is an M2-specific inhibitor. It has been shown that a I II'-résistant clone derived from stepwise exposure to HU overexpresses the M2 mRNA and the RR protein (Y. Yen et al, Cancer Res., 54: 3868-3691, 1994). In this study, we established stable clones b...

Stretching a muscle of the upper limb elicits short (M1) and long-latency (M2) reflexes. When the participant is instructed to actively compensate for a perturbation, M1 is usually unaffected and M2 increases in size and is followed by the voluntary response. It remains unclear if the observed increase in M2 is due to instruction-dependent gain modulation of the contributing reflex mechanism(s)...

The glycolytic key regulator pyruvate kinase M2 (M2-PK or PKM2) can switch between a highly active tetrameric and an inactive dimeric form. The transition between the two conformations regulates the glycolytic flux in tumor cells. We developed specific M2-PK-binding peptide aptamers which inhibit M2-PK, but not the 96% homologous M1-PK isoenzyme. In this study we demonstrate that, at normal blo...

The maxillary first and second molars (M1 and M2) in the Japanese shrew mole, Urotrichus talpoides, were investigated using an odontometrical approach. The mesiodistal crown diameter was larger in M1 than in M2, while the buccolingual diameter of M1 was nearly equal to that of M2. M2 was more compressed mesiodistally than M1. M1 had a large distal triangle on the stylar shelf. The mesial triang...