This paper describes sparse dislributed memory (SDM) as a neural-net associative memory. It is characterized by two weight matrices and by a large internal dimension-the number of hidden units is much larger than the number of input or output units. The first man'ix, A, is fixed and possibly random, and the second matrix, C, is modifiable. The paper compares and contrasts SDM to (1) computer me...

BACKGROUND Decision aids can be used to support shared decision making (SDM). A patient-oriented treatment decision aid (DA) was developed for type 2 diabetes but its use by general practice staff appeared to be limited. OBJECTIVES To explore views of practice staff towards SDM and the DA. DESIGN A mixed-methods study within the Dutch PORTDA-diab trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Included w...

BACKGROUND Patients' preferences and expectations should be taken into account in treatment decision making in the last phase of life. Shared decision making (SDM) is regarded as a way to give the patient a central role in decision making. Little is known about how SDM is used in clinical practice in advanced cancer care. OBJECTIVE To examine whether and how the steps of SDM can be recognized...

PURPOSE To review the results of low-intensity/high-density subthreshold micropulse laser (SDM) for treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy. METHOD The records of all patients treated in a retinal subspecialty practice with SDM for central serous chorioretinopathy were reviewed. RESULTS Eleven consecutive eyes of 11 patients treated between October 2011 and April 2014 were identified ...

High speed, high resolution and high sensitivity are desirable for optical coherence tomography (OCT). Here, we demonstrate a space-division multiplexing (SDM) technology that translates long coherence length of a commercially available wavelength tunable laser into high OCT imaging speed. We achieved an effective 800,000 A-scans/s imaging speed using a 100,000 Hz tunable vertical cavity surfac...

BACKGROUND Involving patients in decision-making is an important part of patient-centred care. Research has found a discrepancy between patients' desire to be involved and their actual involvement in healthcare decision-making. In Asia, there is a dearth of research in decision-making. Using Malaysia as an exemplar, this study aims to review the current research evidence, practices, policies, a...

Digitized species occurrence data provide an unprecedented source of information for ecologists and conservationists. Species distribution model (SDM) has become a popular method to utilise these data for understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of species, and for modelling biodiversity patterns. Our objective is to study the impact of noise in species occurrence data (namely sample...

BACKGROUND The Dutch multidisciplinary sciatica guideline recommends that the team of professionals involved in sciatica care and the patient together decide on surgical or prolonged conservative treatment (shared decision making [SDM]). Despite this recommendation, SDM is not yet integrated in sciatica care. Existing literature concerning barriers and facilitators to SDM implementation mainly ...

BACKGROUND Shared decision-making (SDM) has become a policy priority, yet its implementation is not routinely assessed. To address this gap we tested the delivery of CollaboRATE, a 3-item patient reported experience measure of SDM, via multiple survey modes. OBJECTIVE To assess CollaboRATE response rates and respondent characteristics across different modes of administration, impact of mode a...

Diacetyl, a high value product that can be extensively used as a food ingredient, could be produced from the non-enzymatic oxidative decarboxylation of α-acetolactate during 2,3-butanediol fermentation. In this study, the 2,3-butanediol biosynthetic pathway in Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens strain SDM, a good candidate for microbial 2,3-butanediol production, was reconstructed for diace...