Increasing evidences suggest that, after neuregulin (NRG) stimulation, ErbB4 undergoes a series of proteolysis, including c-secretase cleavage. The released ErbB4 intracellular domain (EICD) is translocated into nucleus and has a transcriptional function. Although NRG–ErbB4 signaling mediates maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs), the role of EICD and c-secretase in this process remains elusive....

In advanced electronic circuits the reliability has been a major concern. There are number of mitigation techniques proposed to make sure that the errors do not affect the circuit functionality. Among them, to protect the memories and registers in electronic circuits Error Correction Codes (ECC) are commonly used. Whenever any ECC technique is used, the encoder and decoder circuit may also suff...

Consider a general regression model, where the response Y depends on discrete predictors X only through the index βX. It is well-known that the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator can recover the underlying direction β exactly if the link function between Y and X is linear. Li and Duan (1989) showed that the OLS estimator can recover β proportionally if the predictors satisfy the linear cond...

Local linear prediction is one of several methods that have been applied to prediction of real time series including financial time series. The difference from global linear prediction is that, for every single point prediction, a different linear autoregressive (AR) model is estimated based only on a number of selected past scalar data segments. Geometrically, these data segments correspond to...

BACKGROUND The importance of visual sense in Hymenopteran social behavior is suggested by the existence of a Hymenopteran insect-specific neural circuit related to visual processing and the fact that worker honeybee brain changes morphologically according to its foraging experience. To analyze molecular and neural bases that underlie the visual abilities of the honeybees, we used a cDNA microar...

In the context of regression-based (quarterly) seasonal unit root tests, we examine the impact of initial conditions (one for each quarter) of the process on test power. We investigate the behaviour of the OLS detrended HEGY seasonal unit root tests of Hylleberg et al. (1990) and the corresponding quasi-differenced (QD) detrended tests of Rodrigues and Taylor (2007), when the initial conditions...

Apoptosis is essential not only to the normal development of a multicellular organism but also for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. This proposal seeks to investigate, in part, the role of oligodendrocyte (OL) apoptosis in myelination. We used an OL-specific conditional knockout animal to study caspase-8 function in OL development; analyzing histological differences in myelination at post...

The urban population (UP) measure is one of the most direct indicators that reflect the urbanization process and the impacts of human activities. The dynamics of UP is of great importance to studying urban economic, social development, and resource utilization. Currently, China lacks long time series UP data with consistent standards and comparability over time. The nighttime light images from ...

Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of NaCl mimics the effects of a high-salt diet in salt-sensitive hypertension, raising the sodium concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF [Na]) and subsequently increasing the concentration of an endogenous ouabain-like substance (OLS) in the brain. The OLS in turn inhibits the brain Na, K-ATPase, causing an increase in the activity of the brain r...

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of NaCl mimics the effects of a high-salt diet in salt-sensitive hypertension, raising the sodium concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF [Na]) and subsequently increasing the concentration of an endogenous ouabain-like substance (OLS) in the brain. The OLS, in turn, inhibits the brain Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, causing increases in the activity of the brain...