To each connected component in the space of semisimple representations from the orbifold fundamental group of the base orbifold of a Seifert fibered homology 3-sphere into the Lie group U(2, 1), we associate a real number called the “orbifold Toledo invariant.” Using the theory of Higgs bundles, we explicitly compute all values this invariant takes on.

Changes in climate, waterlogging hazards and regional floods are more prominent present context. The paper reviews potential of flood hazard dense urban areas, using GIS-based 1-D hydrodynamic model (MIKE URBAN). major factor contributing to the recent decades is climatic variability thus long-term variations precipitation drainage system an area were evaluated. MIKE URBAN (1-D) can be used com...

China is undergoing rapid urbanization during the past decades. For example, the proportion of urban population in Beijing has increased from 57.6 % in 1980 to 86.3 % in 2013. Rapid urbanization has an adverse impact on the urban rainfall-runoff processes, which may result in the increase of urban flood risk. In the present study, the major purpose is to investigate the impact of land use/cover...

In this study, MIE values measured with two different explosion tubes, HARTMANN and MIKE 3, are compared. Generally, MIKE 3 apparatus provides MIE results, which are equal or lower to those measured with the HARTMANN apparatus; this is particularly true for the energy ranges between 1 and 10mJ and higher than 100mJ. Differences observed can modify samples classification according to their sensi...