The early climate of Mars (Noachian Period, the first ~20% of its history) is thought to differ significantly from that of its more recent history (Amazonian Period, the last ~66%) which is characterized by hyperarid, hypothermal conditions that result in mean annual air temperatures (MAAT) well below 0°C, a global cryosphere, minimal melting on the ground surface, and a horizontally stratified...

A description of the most accurate analytical theory of the motion of Phobos, so far constructed, is presented. Several elements of the gravitational field of Mars, gravitational interactions between Phobos and Mars, Deimos and Jupiter, as well as tidal effects due to the interaction between the Sun and Mars, never considered before, have been taken into account. The theory is based on the mode...

We present here results on the preservation of organics in highly oxidized rock materials and clay layers drilled from 0-6m-depth (Borehole-7) under the Mars Analog Rio Tinto Experiment (MARTE). This simulated a Mars robotic drilling mission at the RioTinto (Spain) [2,5]. The RT represents an important analog of the Sinus Meridiani Mars Site, and an ideal model for a potential deep subsurface M...

The human apolipoprotein B (apoB) gene resides in a 47.5 kb DNasel-sensitive chromosomal domain in hepatic and intestinal cells, flanked by the 5' distal matrix association region (MAR) and the 3' proximal MAR. A third MAR, the 5' proximal MAR, is found only in transcriptionally active hepatic (HepG2) cells. Hepatic expression of the apoB gene requires a tissue-specific promoter (-898 to +121) ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Metal artifact reduction sequence (MARS) MRI is widely advocated for surveillance of metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties (MOM-HAs). However, its use is limited by susceptibility artifact at the prosthesis-bone interface, local availability, patient compliance, and cost (Hayter et al. 2011a). We wanted to determine whether CT is a suitable substitute for MARS MRI in evaluati...

Introduction: Since the Viking and Mariner 9 missions of nearly a quarter of a century ago provided global coverage of the Martian landscape at resolutions of 100-150m/pixel, a plethora of science related information pertaining to Mars and its landscape have become available to the scientific community. This information includes comprehensive global topography (MOLA), both low (Viking) and high...

Mariner 6 and 7 pictures show that craters are the dominant landform on Mars and that their occurrence is not correlated uniquely with latitude, elevation, or albedo markings. Two distinct morphological classes are recognized: small bowl-shaped and large flat-bottomed. The former show little evidence of modifications, whereas the latter appear generally more modified than hmar upland craters of...

INTRODUCTION The Molecular Adsorbent Recycling System (MARS) is used to treat patients with liver failure. Observational data suggest that citrate anticoagulation during MARS is feasible. Comparative studies on the optimal anticoagulation regimen during MARS are lacking. The aim of the current study was to evaluate two heparin-free anticoagulation regimens. METHODS We performed a prospective ...

Providing a reliable service in a continuously running real-time system is problematic. MARS (MAintainable Real-time System) o ers correct and timely responsiveness by design and ease of maintenance by design of a new fault-tolerant distributed real-time system with active redundancy. Several unconventional techniques are implemented in the operating system of MARS. It is based on a time rigid ...

Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) represents the single most important cause of postoperative mortality after major liver resection, yet no effective treatment option is available. Extracorporeal liver support devices might be helpful, but systematic studies are lacking. Accordingly, we aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) in patie...