PKMζ has been proposed to be essential for maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term memory (LTM). However, recent data from PKMζ-knockout mice has called this role into question. Instead, the other atypical isoform, protein kinase C iota/lambda (PKCι/λ), has emerged as a potential alternative player. Therefore, the nature of the "memory molecule" maintaining learned information...

Background: Preliminary studies have shown that electrical source imaging (ESI) has numerous advantages for the pre-surgical evaluation of epileptic patients. However, role ESI children with non-lesional drug resistance in focal epilepsy been poorly characterized. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate this issue according interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and constraints developin...

Free-form strong-lensing (SL) mass reconstructions typically suffer from overfitting, which manifest itself as false-positive small-scale fluctuations. We present a new free-form MAximum-entropy ReconStruction (${\tt MARS}$) method without the assumption that light traces (LTM). The ${\tt MARS}$ algorithm enables us to achieve excellent convergence in source positions ~0.001$"$, minimize spurio...

Evidence for long-term memory (LTM)-based control of attention has been found during the execution of highly practiced multi-step tasks. However, does LTM directly control for attention or are working memory (WM) processes involved? In the present study, this question was investigated with a dual-task paradigm. Participants executed either a highly practiced visuospatial sensorimotor task (spee...

1. Iversson LB. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the rural area of Juquitiba, São Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1997;39:237–8. 2. Figueiredo LTM, Moreli ML, Kashima S, Almeida VSO, Félix PR, Bruno JC, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Guariba, SP, Brazil. Report of 2 cases. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1999;41:131–7. 3. Figueiredo LTM, Campos GM, Rodrig...

Long-term memory (LTM) is believed to be stored in the brain as changes in synaptic connections. Here, we show that LTM storage and synaptic change can be dissociated. Cocultures of Aplysia sensory and motor neurons were trained with spaced pulses of serotonin, which induces long-term facilitation. Serotonin (5HT) triggered growth of new presynaptic varicosities, a synaptic mechanism of long-te...

One of the challenges facing memory research is to combine network- and cellular-level descriptions of memory encoding. In this context, Drosophila offers the opportunity to decipher, down to single-cell resolution, memory-relevant circuits in connection with the mushroom bodies (MBs), prominent structures for olfactory learning and memory. Although the MB-afferent circuits involved in appetiti...

To examine how the time course of rapid events of adaptation affect motion vision, the lower threshold of motion (LTM) was measured for suprathreshold sinusoidal gratings in presence of transient and steady glare. In the case of the transient condition, glare and stimulus were presented separated in time by a variable extent (SOA: 50–450 ms). A two alternative forced choice paradigm using the m...

Behavioural tagging is the transformation of a short-term memory, induced by a weak experience, into a long-term memory (LTM) due to the temporal association with a novel experience. The mechanism by which neuronal ensembles, each carrying a memory engram of one of the experiences, interact to achieve behavioural tagging is unknown. Here we show that retrieval of a LTM formed by behavioural tag...

This paper describes a numerical solution method for a dynamic network loading model that is consistent with the first order kinematic wave theory. The proposed procedure, called link transmission model (LTM), only requires calculations at network nodes. Compared to the cell transmission model (CTM), the computational complexity of the LTM is about n times smaller for the same level of accuracy...