The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an inherently dynamic structure during development. Large-scale tissue movements sweep the ECM to distant positions during early embryogenesis; furthermore, the previously assembled ECM filaments are extensively reused during later organogenesis. Thus, some organs, such as the heart, inherit previously assembled ECM filaments. This review focuses on the macro-a...

Abstract Electronic countermeasure (ECM) has become one of the most significant factors in modern warfare, course combat, electronic jamming allocation tasks need to be flexibly adjusted with change combat stage, which puts forward higher requirements for modeling and solution method this kind problems. To solve ECM dynamic weapon target assignment (ECM-DWTA) problem, a hybrid multi-target bi-l...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM proteins are important in phenomena as diverse as developmental patterning, stem cell niches, cancer, and genetic diseases. The ECM has many effects beyond providing structural support. ECM proteins typically include multiple, independently folded domains whose sequences and arrangement are highly conserved. Some of these domains bind adhesion receptors su...

Delivery of growth factors to target cells is an important subject in tissue engineering. Towards that end, we have developed a growth factor-tethered extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was tethered to extracellular matrix noncovalently. The designed ECM was comprised of 12 repeats of the APGVGV peptide motif derived from elastin as a stable structural unit ...

Fruiting body formation of Myxococcus xanthus, like biofilm formation of many other organisms, involves the production of an extracellular matrix (ECM). While the polysaccharide component has been studied, the protein component has been largely unexplored. Proteins associated with the ECM were solubilized from purified ECM by boiling with sodium dodecyl sulfate and were identified by liquid chr...

Sensory cilia are often encapsulated by an extracellular matrix (ECM). In Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and vertebrates, this ECM is thought to be directly involved in ciliary mechanosensing by coupling external forces to the ciliary membrane. Drosophila mechano- and chemosensory cilia are both associated with an ECM, indicating that the ECM may have additional roles that go ...

Most tropical rain forests contain diverse arrays of tree species that form arbuscular mycorrhizae. In contrast, the less common monodominant rain forests, in which one tree species comprises more than 50% of the canopy, frequently contain ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associates. In this study, I explored the potential for common ECM networks, created by aggregations of ECM trees, to enhance seedling ...

The sandwich culture of hepatocytes, between double layers of extra-cellular matrix (ECM), is a well-established in vitro model for re-establishing hepatic polarity and maintaining differentiated functions. Applications of the ECM-based sandwich culture are limited by the mass transfer barriers induced by the top gelled ECM layer, complex molecular composition of ECM with batch-to-batch variati...

This study instituted a unique approach to bone tissue engineering by combining effects of mechanical stimulation in the form of fluid shear stresses and the presence of bone-like extracellular matrix (ECM) on osteodifferentiation. Rat marrow stromal cells (MSCs) harvested from bone marrow were cultured on titanium (Ti) fiber mesh discs for 12 days in a flow perfusion system to generate constru...