Abstract Grass carp at a weight of 34.68 + 2 g were gradually exposed to four saline concentrations: tap water (0.1), 3, 6, 9, and 12 gm/litter, the first concentration represented control treatment. Fish fed on diet with protein content 30% for ten weeks. Results growth experiment showed that feed conversion rate was 2.46, 3.58, 4.84, 6.77, -8.56 in fifth treatments, respectively, efficiency 4...

This study aims to explain the effect of salt stress on Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. It includes two parts, first determine LC50 during abrupt increase in salinity 5,10 and 15g/L.While other part concerned with physiological effects gradual 5 10 g/L osmoregulation, by measuring ions concentration ( Na+, K+ ) blood plasma muscles, water contents muscles , numbers percentage chloride cells...

In the present study, we investigated effects of compound kaempferol 3-a-L-(4-O-acetyl)rhamnopyranoside-7-a-L-rhamnopyranoside (SA) isolated from Dryopteris crassirhizoma during immune-related gene expression in Ctenopharyngodon idella head kidney macrophages (CIHKM). The expression of immune-related genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, MyD88, and Mx1) were investigated using real-time PCR at 2 h, 8 h, 12 h, a...

Problem statement: The utilization of crystalline amino acids was detected for growth performance and body composition of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Approach: LLysine sulphate and Methionine Hydroxy Analog-Ca (MHA-Ca) were selected for determination. Two diets were formulated with or without amino acids supplementation. Each diet was assigned to 10 tanks in a completely rand...

The exotic grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) has been used for almost a half a century in the United States as a biological agent to control and manage aquatic plants. This long-lived generalist herbivore consumes large amounts of vegetation and can considerably alter habitat and impact aquatic communities. We conducted a literature review to determine whether previous studies adequately a...