How to deal with speech recognition errors and out-ofvocabulary (OOV) words, which are referred to as false negative errors, are common challenges in spoken document processing. To deal with them in spoken content retrieval (SCR), the SCR method that incorporated spoken term detection (STD) as the pre-process stage (referred to as STD-SCR) has been proposed. However, the STD-SCR tends to increa...

Blood pressure, proteinuria and serum creatinine (SCr) were examined in 119 985 adults, aged 40 years and older, who attended annual health examinations both in 1993 and 3 years later. Renal function was assessed from SCr; changes in individuals' renal function were estimated using the slope of the regression line for the reciprocal of the SCr level vs. time (slope of rSCr) over the 3-year peri...

Race and ethnicity are influential in estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We aimed to find the Korean coefficients for the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equations and to obtain novel proper estimation equations. Reference GFR was measured by systemic inulin clearance. Serum creatinine (SCr) values were measured by the alkaline picrate Jaffé kinetic method, then, re...

Hadamard speckle contrast reduction (SCR) is considered to be an effective approach to deal with speckle problems in coherent imaging systems. A Hadamard SCR system is divided into two subsystems, which implement phase patterns projection and reflected waves imaging respectively. The performances of both sub-systems are discussed with numerical simulations and linked to certain parameters so as...

Cardiac myocytes normally initiate action potentials in response to a current stimulus that depolarizes the membrane above an excitation threshold. Aberrant excitation can also occur due to spontaneous calcium (Ca2+) release (SCR) from intracellular stores after the end of a preceding action potential. SCR drives the Na+/Ca2+ exchange current inducing a "delayed afterdepolarization" that can in...

Sex combs reduced (Scr), a Hox gene located in the Antennapedia complex of Drosophila melanogaster, is required for the proper development of the labial and first thoracic segments. The Tribolium castaneum genetically defined locus Cephalothorax (Cx) is a candidate Scr ortholog based on the location of Cx in the beetle Homeotic complex and mutant effects on the labial and first thoracic segment...

BACKGROUND Accurate assessment of renal function is important in the management of patients with kidney disease yet is often difficult to obtain. Formulae, designed for clinical use, have been developed to predict glomerular filtration rate (GFR) utilizing serum creatinine (Scr). Additional parameters are included in these formulae to account for variations in Scr due to differences in total bo...

BACKGROUND Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is a screening tool for early kidney dysfunction and monitoring treatment in cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There are no current studies describing the suitability of this test for use with published population-based reference intervals. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine the components of biological variability, the index of individuality ...

The roles of three homeotic genes, Ubx+, Scr+, and Antp+, in the Drosophila thorax have been studied by determining the cellular phenotypes of mutations resulting in loss of gene function. The principal results are: (i) The Scr+ and Ubx+ genes are required in the prothorax and metathorax, respectively; in the absence of these genes, both segments develop like the mesothorax. (ii) The Antp+ gene...