Striatal dopamine transmission underlies numerous goal-directed behaviors. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are a major target of dopamine in the striatum. However, as dopamine does not directly evoke a synaptic event in MSNs, the time course of dopamine signaling in these cells remains unclear. To examine how dopamine release activates D2-receptors on MSNs, G protein activated inwardly rectifying p...

In this paper we study the gravitational dielectric phenomena of a D2-brane in the background of Kaluza-Klein monopoles and D6-branes. In both cases the spherical D2-brane with nonzero radius becomes classical solution of the D2-brane action. We also investigate the gravitational Myers effect in the background of D6-branes. This phenomenon occurs since the tension of the D2-brane balances with ...

If D = (V,A) is a digraph, its competition hypergraph CH(D) has vertex set V and e ⊆ V is an edge of CH(D) iff |e| ≥ 2 and there is a vertex v ∈ V , such that e = {w ∈ V |(w, v) ∈ A}. For several products D1 ◦D2 of digraphs D1 and D2, we investigate the relations between the competition hypergraphs of the factors D1, D2 and the competition hypergraph of their product D1 ◦D2.

BACKGROUND Current guidelines indicate that D2 resection is the standard of care for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. To assess the impact of quality assurance of lymph node removal, non-compliance and contamination in the D1 and D2 study arms of the Dutch Gastric Cancer Trial were investigated with respect to recurrence and survival. METHODS The location and numbers of lymph no...

Gastric cancer surgical management differs between Eastern Asia and Western countries. Extended lymphadenectomy (D2) is the standard of care in Japan and South Korea since decades, while the majority of United States patients receive at most a limited lymphadenectomy (D1). United States and Northern Europe are considered the scientific leaders in medicine and evidence-based procedures are the c...

Dopamine D2-like receptors (D2, D3, and D4) are major targets for action of typical and atypical neuroleptics, commonly used in the treatment of schizophrenia. To understand their individual functional contribution, subtype-selective anti-peptide antibodies were raised against D2, D3, and D4 receptor proteins. The antibodies were shown to be specific on immunoblots of rat brain membranes and im...

The rat nervous system specific protein D2 is an integral membrane protein present on all bodies and neurites of cultured neurons from brain fetuses [l-3]. In adult brain, D2 is found mainly on the outside of synaptic membranes [4-61. It has been hypothesized that this protein may be involved in the recognition mechanism during the early stage of synaptogenesis 15451. Here we have examined the ...