Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widely represented on mobile genetic elements as well as in bacterial chromosomes. TA systems encode a toxin and an antitoxin neutralizing it. We have characterized a homolog of the ccd TA system of the F plasmid (ccd(F)) located in the chromosomal backbone of the pathogenic O157:H7 Escherichia coli strain (ccd(O157)). The ccd(F) and the ccd(O157) systems coexis...

BACKGROUND A longstanding debate in allergy is whether or not specific immunoglobulin-E antibodies (sIgE), recognizing cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD), are able to elicit clinical symptoms. In pollen and food allergy, ≥20% of patients display in-vitro CCD reactivity based on presence of α1,3-fucose and/or β1,2-xylose residues on N-glycans of plant (xylose/fucose) and insect (fuco...

سابقه و هدف: آب هوای یک منطقه در دوره بلندمدت را اقلیم گویند. شناسایی طبقه‌بندی اقلیمی از دیرباز مورد توجه متخصصان هواشناسی بوده است. محققان با به کارگیری روش ­های مختلف استفاده متغیرهای همچون بارش دما، زمین مناطق همگن طبقه ­بندی کرده‌اند نتایج پهنه‌بندی ارزیابی کمبود منابع مقیاس­ های کوچک بزرگ منظور پیش‌بینی اقدامات عملی برای کنترل خشکی آسیب‌پذیر به‌کار برده‌اند. هدف این تحقیق به‌‌روزرسانی تحل...

BACKGROUND Despite the growing incidence of Clostridium difficile diarrhea (CCD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), little is known about the associated risk factors. METHOD A retrospective study comparing cases of CCD in patients with IBD to IBD carriers who did not develop CCD. A comparison was also made with patients who developed CCD but did not suffer IBD. RESULTS Three...

Chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion (CCD) results in neuropathic pain. We investigated the role of spinal GABA in CCD-induced pain using rats with unilateral CCD. A stereological analysis revealed that the proportion of GABA-immunoreactive neurons to total neurons at L4/5 laminae I-III on the injured side decreased in the early phase of CCD (post-CCD week 1) and then returned to the sha...

Simmons, James G., Jolanta B. Pucilowska, and P. Kay Lund. Autocrine and paracrine actions of intestinal fibroblast-derived insulin-like growth factors. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 39): G817–G827, 1999.— Paracrine and autocrine actions of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are inferred by local expression within the bowel. CCD-18Co cells, IEC-6 cells, and immunoneutral...

BACKGROUND Many gynecological cancer survivors (GCS) have comorbid chronic diseases (CCD). This study was to estimate the impacts of CCD on quality of life (QOL) in GCS. METHODS We collected cross-sectional self-reported survey data from 598 GCS between April and July 2013, in Shanghai, China. All the subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire containing the European Organization for Res...