CONTEXT Bicycling is one of the leading causes of recreational injuries. Elevated blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) are found in about one third of fatally injured bicyclists aged 15 years or older. OBJECTIVE To assess the relative risk of fatal and serious bicycling injury according to BAC. DESIGN Matched case-control study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS Bicyclists aged 15 years or older who we...

Circulation. 2017;135:499–501. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025277 February 7, 2017 499 Tamar S. Polonsky, MD, MSCI Philip Greenland, MD A large proportion of cardiovascular events occur among women whose 10year estimated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk is <7.5%, and thus guidelines would not routinely recommend statins for such patients before their events.1 Additional strategie...

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a chlorine-based chemical compound with proven antimicrobial properties against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, depending on the length of alkyl chain. It can be used as biocide, cationic surfactant, phase transfer agent. The aim this study was to investigate effectiveness commercial cleaning agents for sanitary areas Bis duo Active (BDA) BAC an active in working co...

Rigorous investigation of many functions encoded by cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) requires analysis in the context of virus-host interactions. To facilitate the construction of rhesus CMV (RhCMV) mutants for in vivo studies, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) containing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) cassette was engineered into the intergenic region between unique short 1 (US1) a...

Using a splanchnic nerve-spinal cord preparation in vitro that could spontaneously generate sympathetic nerve discharge (SND), we investigated the roles of intraspinal GABA(B) receptors in the regulation of SND. Despite an age-dependent difference in sensitivity, bath applications of baclofen (Bac; GABA(B)-receptor agonist) consistently reduced SND in a concentration-dependent manner. The drug ...

PURPOSE To determine the molecular mechanisms of conjunctival cell death on exposure to the quaternary ammonium preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. METHODS Chang conjunctival cells, either wild-type or stably transfected with various constructs encoding antiapoptotic molecules or transiently transfected with siRNA targeting the beclin-1 gene, were expose...